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  • 1
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    Improved Nozzle Would Reduce Cryogenic Boiloff (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Improved nozzle has slotted orifice that would impart swirling motion to cryogenic liquid inside cylinder. Nozzle is installed with axis vertical. Since most of flow out of cylinder would be radial, fluid spray would not reach liquid surface.
    Keywords: MACHINERY
    Type: MFS-25589 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 6; 3; P. 327
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Considerations in lunar landmark sighting and recommended techniques - Project Apollo (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Lunar landmark sighting techniques for Apollo command service module
    Keywords: NAVIGATION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-64355 , MSC-69-EG-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Superconducting Effects in Optimization of Magnetic Penetration Thermometers for X-ray Microcalorimeters (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We have made high resolution x-ray microcalorimeters using superconducting MoAu bilayers and Nb meander coils. The temperature sensor is a Magnetic Penetration Thermometer (MPT). Operation is similar to metallic magnetic calorimeters, but instead of the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic alloy, we use the diamagnetic response of the superconducting MoAu to sense temperature changes in an x-ray absorber. Flux-temperature responsivtty can be large for small sensor heat capacity, with enough dynamic range for applications. We find models of observed flux-temperature curves require several effects to explain flux penetration or expulsion in the microscopic devices. The superconductor is non-local, with large coherence length and weak pinning of flux. At lowest temperatures, behavior is dominated by screening currents that vary as a result of the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth, modified by the effect of the nonuniformity of the applied field occurring on a scale comparable to the coherence length. In the temperature regime where responslvity is greatest, spadal variations in the order parameter become important: both local variations as flux enters/leaves the film and an intermediate state is formed, and globally as changing stability of the electrical circuit creates a Meissner transition and flux is expelled/penetrates to minimize free energy.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: GSFC.CP.7552.2013 , Applied Superconductivity Conference 2012; Oct 08, 2012 - Oct 12, 2012; Portland, OR; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Nitrogen tetroxide scrubber data analysis (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A major difficulty in the analysis of scrubber data is that of separating the physical effects, such as mass transfer, from the physico-chemical effects, such as reaction rates. This is especially true for the absorbtion of nitrogen tetroxide in the various liquids that were tested in the NASA-Kennedy Space Center Hypergolic Toxic Scrubber Program. A fruitful approach to correlating the data for outlet concentrations was to treat the overall absorbtion as a pseudo first-order absorbtion equation. This approach provided a method for normalizing the data to constant inlet concentration, constant sump liquor condition, and constant scrubbing time, and permitted evaluation of the test and fluid parameters that affected both absorbtion rate and scrubbing time. The analysis indicated that scrubber performance may be improved by optimizing liquor concentrations and liquor flowrate distributions.
    Keywords: GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Kennedy Space Center Proc. of the NASA(Fla. Inst. of Tech. Environ. Eng. Conf. on Nitrogen Tetroxide; p 111-130
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  • 5
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    An Airborne Conical Scanning Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An airborne Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) for high-altitude observations from the NASA Research Aircraft (ER-2) is discussed. The primary application of the CoSMIR is water vapor profile remote sensing. Four radiometers operating at 50 (three channels), 92, 150, and 183 (three channels) GHz provide spectral coverage identical to nine of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) high-frequency channels. Constant polarization-basis conical and cross-track scanning capabilities are achieved using an elevation-under-azimuth two-axis gimbals.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: IGARSS2001; Jul 09, 2001 - Jul 13, 2001; Sydney; Australia
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  • 6
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    Spectral observations of the extreme ultraviolet background (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The design of a grazing incidence spectrometer for measuring the diffusive extreme-ultraviolet astronomical background radiation is outlined, and the data obtained on the diffusive background between 80 and 650 A is discussed. The strongest emission line detected is solar backscattered He I 584 A radiation; solar 304 A radiation resonantly scattered by geocoronal He II is observed in both first and second order; and each of three remaining spectral features is found to be consistent with those expected from hot interstellar gas. Of these features, the strongest is the feature at 635 A identified as 630 A O v emission. A feature centered at about 99 A is fitted by a cluster of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX lines from gas at log T = 6.6-6.8, and a feature discovered near 178 A is found to be consistent with Fe X and Fe XI emission from gas at log T = 6.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 371; 810-819
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Spectrometer system for diffuse extreme ultraviolet radiation (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A unique grazing incidence spectrometer system has been designed to study diffuse line emission between 80 and 650 A with 10-30 A resolution. The minimum detectable emission line strength during a 5-min observation ranges from 100-2000 ph/sq cm sec str. The instrument uses mechanically ruled reflection gratings placed in front of a linear array of mirrors. These mirrors focus the spectral image on microchannel plate detectors located behind thin filters. The field of view is 40 min of arc by 15 deg, and there is no spatial imaging. This instrument has been fabricated, calibrated, and successfully flown on a sounding rocket to observe the astronomical background radiation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 28; 5073-507
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  • 8
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    Figured grazing incidence mirrors from reheated float glass (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: High throughput grazing incidence mirrors have been fabricated from float glass using a new inexpensive technique. An array of twelve such mirrors including grazing angles from 3 to 15 deg has been fabricated and tested. Optical measurement of this array shows a line spread function of 6.3-min of arc FWHM with 90 percent of the energy enclosed within 13 min of arc. Three-mirror arrays are used to provide one-dimensional focusing for a diffuse extreme ultraviolet spectrometer. This paper presents the fabrication techniques and testing procedures used, as well as the mirror performance results.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 27; 1465-146
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  • 9
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    The Discovery Outburst of the X-Ray Transient IGR J17497-2821 Observed with RXTE and ATCA (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report the results of a series of RXTE and ATCA observations of the recently discovered X-ray transient IGR J17497-2821. Our 3-200 keV PCA+HEXTE spectral analysis shows very little variations over a period of approx.10 days around the maximum of the outburst. IGR J17497-2821 is found in a typical low-hard state (LHS) of X-ray binaries (XRBs), well represented by an absorbed Comptonized spectrum with an iron edge at about 7 keV. The high value of the absorption (approx.4 x 10(exp 22/sq cm suggests that the source is located at a large distance, either close to the Galactic center or beyond. The timing analysis shows no particular features, while the shape of the power density spectra is also typical of the LHS of XRBs, with apprrox.36% rms variability. No radio counterpart is found down to a limit of 0.21 mJy at 4.80 and 8.64 GHz. Although the position of IGR J17497-2821 in the radio to X-ray flux diagram is well below the correlation usually observed in the LHS of black holes, the comparison of its X-ray properties with those of other sources leads us to suggest that it is a black hole candidate.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal; 655; L97-L100
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  • 10
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    Aus eins mach zwei: Geodynamische Modelle beschreiben Südamerikas Trennung von Afrika (2016)
    GFZ
    In:  System Erde, 6 (2). pp. 4-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-31
    Description: The South American continent as we know it formed during the break-up of West Gondwana between 150 and 110 million years ago, when the South Atlantic Rift system evolved into the South Atlantic ocean. Using state-of-the-art global tectonic reconstructions in conjunction with numerical and analytical modelling, we investigate the geodynamics of rift systems as they evolve into an ocean basin. We find that rifts initially stretch very slowly along the future splitting zone, but then move apart very quickly before the onset of rupture. In case of the split between South America and Africa, the divergence rate increased from initially 5 to 7 millimetres per year to over 40 millimetres per year within few million years. Intriguingly, abrupt rift acceleration did not only occur during the splitting of West Gondwana, but also during the separation of Australia and Antarctica, North America and Greenland, Africa and South America, in the North Atlantic or the South China Sea. We elucidate the underlying process by reproducing the rapid transition from slow to fast extension using analytical and numerical modelling with constant force boundary conditions. The mechanical models suggest that the two-phase velocity behaviour is caused by a rift-intrinsic strength–velocity feedback similar to a rope that snaps when pulled apart. This mechanism provides an explanation for several previously unexplained rapid absolute plate motion changes, offering new insights into the balance of plate driving forces through time.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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