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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Optical systems and alignment procedures for earth-based stations during Surveyor 7 laser pointing tests
    Keywords: MASERS
    Type: ANALYSIS OF SURVEYOR DATA 30 JUN. 1970; P 125-134
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  • 2
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 24-25
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Emissivity and reflectivity in the thermal infrared spectral region (8-13 microns) may be used to discriminate among rocks and minerals. Although considerable success has been achieved in remote sensing classification of rock types based on emissivity measurements made with NASA's Thermal Infreared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS), classification based on reflectivity offers several advantages: much narrower bandwidths are used, higher signal to noise ratios are possible, and measurements are little affected by surface temperature. As a demonstration, an airborne CO2 laser instrument was flown along the margin of Death Valley, California. Measurements of spectral reflectance collected with this device were compared with emissivity measurements made with the TIMS. Data from either instrument provided the means for recognizing boundaries between geologic units including different rock types and fan surfaces of different ages.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 1149-115
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-11
    Description: Interferometric measurement of large indices of refraction, noting applicability and accuracy
    Keywords: PHYSICS, GENERAL
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Measurements of tropospheric ozone have been made in the southern and middle California regions and over the Pacific Ocean during two series of flights in February and May 1977. The data were obtained by using a laser absorption spectrometer, a nadir-viewing instrument which remotely measures the ozone column abundance between ground level and aircraft altitude by interacting with ozone at specific wavelengths near 9.5 microns. The measurements indicate significantly lower ozone abundances above the Mojave Desert region as compared with farm, forest, and urban areas. The average tropospheric column density was found to be 0.0027 atm cm/km over the California region and 0.0035 atm cm/km over the Pacific Ocean region 1000-2000 km west of the coast of Mexico.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; Aug. 20
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: PHYSICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Optical Society of America; vol. 73
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Several advanced atmospheric remote sensing systems developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory were demonstrated under various field conditions to determine how useful they would be for general use by the California Air Resources Board and local air quality districts. One of the instruments reported on is the Laser Absorption Spectrometer (LAS). It has a pair of carbon dioxide lasers with a transmitter and receiver and can be flown in an aircraft to measure the column abundance of such gases as ozone. From an aircraft, it can be used to rapidly survey a large region. The LAS is usually operated from an aircraft, although it can also be used at a fixed location on the ground. Some tests were performed with the LAS to measure ozone over a 2-km horizontal path. Another system reported on is the Microwave Atmospheric Remote Sensing System (MARS). It is tuned to microwave emissions from water vapor, liquid water, and oxygen molecules (for atmospheric temperature). It can measure water vapor and liquid water in the line-of-sight, and can measure the vertical temperature profile.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-173208 , JPL-PUB-83-80 , NAS 1.26:173208
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A method and apparatus are described for frequency modulating radiation, such as from a laser, for optoacoustic detectors, interferometers, heterodyne spectrometers, and similar devices. Two oppositely reciprocating cats-eye retroreflectors are used to Doppler modulate the radiation. By reciprocally moving both retroreflectors, the center of mass is maintained constant to permit smooth operation at many Hertz. By slightly offsetting the axis of one retroreflector relative to the other, multiple passes of a light beam may be achieved for greater Doppler shifts with the same reciprocating motion of the retroreflectors.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The laser absorption spectrometer (LAS) is an airborne instrument able to perform remote measurement of trace atmospheric gases. The instrument uses a pair of carbon dioxide laser-heterodyne receiver systems that are directed downward from an airplane and determines gas concentration by the differential absorption method. Configured to measure tropospheric ozone, the LAS has been used in conjunction with another instrumented aircraft to test the accuracy of this method of measurement. A complete description of the instrument is presented, and the results of extensive flight testing are summarized.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Feb. 15
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An optoacoustic detector for gas analysis is implemented with Stark effect cell modulation for switching a beam in and out of coincidence with a spectral line of a constituent gas in order to eliminate the heating effect of laser energy in the cell as a source of background noise. By using a multiline laser, and linearly sweeping the DC bias voltage while exciting the cell with a multiline laser, it is possible to obtain a spectrum from which to determine the combinations of excited constituents and determine their concentrations in parts per million.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
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