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  • 1
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    Microcrater investigations on Surveyor 3 material (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Screws 9 and 23 from Surveyor 3 were examined with a scanning electron microscope for micrometeorite impact features. Six craters on one of the screws appear to be low velocity impact craters, and a flux for about 0.12 sq cm was calculated to be 0.005/sq m/sec for particle diameter or = 1 micron. Two interpretations are considered: (1) The impacts were produced by interplanetary particles and the flux indicates that deviation from the normal distribution exists only for particles below 1 micron in diameter. (2) Most of the craters were produced by secondary lunar debris, and the flux represents the upper limit for interplanetary particles.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 167-172
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  • 2
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    Morphology and chemistry of projectile residue in small experimental impact craters (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Small-scale impact craters (5-7 mm in diameter) were produced with a light gas gun in high purity Au and Cu targets using soda lime glass (SL) and man-made basalt glass (BG) as projectiles. Maximum impact velocity was 6.4 km/s resulting in peak pressures of approximately 120-150 GPa. Copious amounts of projectile melts are preserved as thin glass liners draping the entire crater cavity; some of this liner may be lost by spallation, however. SEM investigations reveal complex surface textures including multistage flow phenomena and distinct temporal deposition sequences of small droplets. Inasmuch as some of the melts were generated at peak pressures greater than 120 GPa, these glasses represent the most severely shocked silicates recovered from laboratory experiments to date. Major element analyses reveal partial loss of alkalis; Na2O loss of 10-15 percent is observed, while K2O loss may be as high as 30-50 percent. Although the observed volatile loss in these projectile melts is significant, it still remains uncertain whether target melts produced on planetary surfaces are severely fractionated by selective volatilization processes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; B353-B36
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  • 3
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    Real-time pilot guidance system for improved flight-test maneuvers (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The real-time pilot display uplink development at the Dryden Flight Research Facility is described, with a focus on recent F-104 studies. A nose boom gathers data on the Mach number, pressure altitude, and angle of attack. The system provides the pilot with guidance to improve maneuver accuracy and fly more complex trajectories. The uplink presents the pilot with computed differences between a reference flight path and actual flight state conditions, using a downlink to the ground where engineering computations are performed, feedback is transmitted, and corrections are applied. Details of the flight test trajectories and data from test results are provided for level turns, constant thrust turns, dynamic pressure trajectories, constant radar altitude accelerations and decelerations, and a Reynolds number trajectory. The system has proved capable of reducing pilot workload and saving fuel by decreasing the flight time necessary to obtain specific data.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
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  • 4
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    X-ray-provoked non-Mendelian transgenerational oncodeterminants (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Cancer is the most important risk of radiation exposure. There is a definite lack of suitable test systems, human epidemiological data are only available for certain radiation types, especially not for charged particles. We use the Xiphophorus model which is genetically well characterized. As a prelude to experiments with heavy ions we report here on results obtained with x-rays to establish the necessary baseline for future studies. Apart from this direct aim we hope to obtain also a better insight in the genetical determination of cancer formation.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center, Minutes of the 12th Joint NASA(DARA-DLR Life Sciences Program Working Group Meeting; p 41-46
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  • 5
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    Heavy ion action on single cells: Cellular inactivation capability of single accelerated heavy ions (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Heavy ions (HZE-particles) constitute an important part of radiation in space. Although their number is small the high amount of energy transferred by individual particles may cause severe biological effects. Their investigation requires special techniques which were tested by experiments performed at the UNILAC at the GSI (Darmstadt). Diploid yeast was used which is a suitable eucaryotic test system because of its resistance to extreme conditions like dryness and vacuum. Cells were placed on nuclear track detector foils and exposed to ions of different atomic number and energy. To assess the action of one single ion on an individual cell, track parameters and the respective colony forming abilities (CFA) were determined with the help of computer aided image analysis. There is mounting evidence that not only the amount of energy deposited along the particle path, commonly given by the LET, is of importance but also the spatial problem of energy deposition at a submicroscopical scale. It is virtually impossible to investigate track structure effects in detail with whole cell populations and (globally applied) high particle fluences. It is, therefore, necessary to detect the action of simple ions in individual cells. The results show that the biological action depends on atomic number and specific energy of the impinging ions, which can be compared with model calculations of recent track structure models.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center, Minutes of the 12th Joint NASA(DARA-DLR Life Sciences Program Working Group Meeting; p 33-35
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  • 6
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    Heavy ion induced mutations in mammalian cells: Cross sections and molecular analysis (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Our investigations of heavy ion-induced mutations in mammalian cells, which had been begun a few years ago, were systematically continued. For the first time, it was possible to cover a large LET range with a few kinds of ions. To do this, both UNILAC and SIS were used to yield comparable data for a large energy range. This is a necessary condition for a comprehensive description of the influence of such ion parameters as energy and LET. In these experiments, the induced resistance against the poison 6-thioguanin (6-TG), which is linked to the HPRT locus on the genome, is being used as mutation system. In addition to the mutation-induction cross-section measurements, the molecular changes of the DNA are being investigated by means of Multiplex PCR ('Polymerase Chain Reaction') gene amplification. From these experiments we expect further elucidation of the mutation-inducing mechanisms composing the biological action of heavy-ion radiation.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center, Minutes of the 12th Joint NASA(DARA-DLR Life Sciences Program Working Group Meeting; p 30-32
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  • 7
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    Nondestructive determination of mechanical properties (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Aluminum alloys of types 1100, 3003, 5052, 6061, and 2024 were used to study the sensitivity of the acousto-elastic constant to changes in the microstructure. Results show that there is a strong relationship between the acousto-elastic constants and the yield strength and hardness. This relationship depends on whether the alloy is strain hardened or precipitation hardened. In strain hardened alloys, the constants increase as the amount of solid solution is decreased, while the behavior is the opposite in precipitation hardened alloys.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Nondestructive Evaluation of Residual Stress in Low-Carbon Steel; 9 p
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  • 8
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    A CAM-based LZ data compression IC (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A custom CMOS processor is introduced that implements the Data Compression Lempel-Ziv (DCLZ) standard, a variation of the LZ2 Algorithm. This component presently achieves a sustained compression and decompression rate of 10 megabytes/second by employing an on-chip content-addressable memory for string table storage.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: New Mexico Univ., The Fifth NASA Symposium on VLSI design; 8 p
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  • 9
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    Study of the dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone with a symmetric version of the GLAS climate model (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 41; 5-19
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  • 10
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    Microcraters on lunar samples (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The lunar microcrater phenomenology is described. The morphology of the lunar craters is in almost all aspects simulated in laboratory experiments in the diameter range from less than 1 nu to several millimeters and up to 60 km/s impact velocity. An empirically derived formula is given for the conversion of crater diameters into projectile diameters and masses for given impact velocities and projectile and target densities. The production size frequency distribution for lunar craters in the crater size range from approximately 1 nu to several millimeters in diameter is derived from various microcrater measurements within a factor of up to 5. Particle track exposure age measurements for a variety of lunar samples have been performed. They allow the conversion of the lunar crater size frequency production distributions into particle fluxes. The development of crater populations on lunar rocks under self-destruction by subsequent meteoroid impacts and crater overlap is discussed and theoretically described. Erosion rates on lunar rocks on the order of several millimeters per 10 yr are calculated. Chemical investigations of the glass linings of lunar craters yield clear evidence of admixture of projectile material only in one case, where the remnants of an iron-nickel micrometeorite have been identified.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Soviet-Am. Conf. on Cosmochem. of the Moon and Planets, Pt. 2; p 585-603
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