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  • 1
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    Intercomparisons of sumultaneous remote and in situ wind measurements (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A large number of ground based, balloon and rocket borne experiments was performed at various stations during DYnamics Adapted Network for the Atmosphere (DYANA). This allows the comparisons of simultaneous wind profiles determined by different techniques. This paper briefly describes each technique and discusses the comparisons between: (1) foil chaff at Andoya (69 deg N, 16 deg E) and EISCAT winds data at Tromso (70 deg N, 19 deg E); (2) foil chaff or falling sphere at Andoya and MF radar winds data at Tromso; (3) MF radar at Juliusruh (54 deg N, 13 deg E), meteorological radar at Kuehlungsborn (54 deg N, 11 deg E), meteorological rockets at Zingst (54 deg N, 12.5 deg E) and LF drift winds at Collm (51.3 deg N, 13 deg E); (4) falling sphere, balloons and, for the first time, a Rayleigh Doppler Lidar at the Centre d'Essais des Landes (C.E.L. 44 deg N, 1 deg W). These methods have widely varying altitude, spatial and temporal resolutions. Despite these differences, the comparisons show a generally good agreement.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 56; 13-14; p. 1,985-2,001
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  • 2
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    Measurement of the Vertical Gradient of the Semidiurnal Tidal Wind Phase in Winter at the 95 Km Level (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: When supplemented by absolute reflection height measurements, low frequency wind measurements in the 90-100 km height range become truly competitive in comparison with the more widely used radar meteor wind observations. For example, height profiles of the wind parameters in the so-called meteor zone can be obtained due to the considerable interdiurnal variability of the average nighttime reflection heights controlled by geomagnetic activity. The phase of the semidiurnal tidal wind is particularly height-dependent. The measured vertical gradient of 1/4 h/km in winter corresponds to a vertical wavelength of about 50 km. Wind measurements in the upper atmosphere, at heights between 90 and 100 km, were carried out at the Collm Geophysical Observatory of Karl Marx University Leipzig for a number of years. These measurements use the closely-spaced receiver method and three measuring paths, on 179, 227, and 272 kHz. They take place every day between sunset and sunrise, i.e., nightly. A night in this sense may last as long as 18 hours in winter. Both the measurements and their evaluation are completely automatic, and the prevailing winds and tides are separated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 10; p 160-164
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Global behavior of the height/seasonal structure of tides between 40 deg and 60 deg latitude (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The radars utilized are meteor (2), medium frequency (2) and the new low frequency (1) systems: analysis techniques were exhaustively studied internally and comparatively and are not thought to affect the results. Emphasis is placed upon the new height-time contours of 24-, 12-h tidal amplitudes and phases, which best display height and seasonal structures; where possible high resolution (10 d) is used (Saskatoon), but all stations provide monthly mean resolution. At these latitudes the diurnal tide is generally smaller than the semidiurnal, and displays more variability. However, there is a tendency for vertical wavelengths and amplitudes to be larger during summer months. On occasions in winter and fall, wavelengths may be less than 50 km. The dominant semidiurnal tide shows significant regular season structure; wavelengths are generally small (about 50 km) in winter, large in summer (equal to or greater than 100 km), and these states are separated by rapid equinoctial transitions. There is some evidence for less regularity toward 40 deg. Coupling with mean winds is apparent. Data from earlier ATMAP campaigns are mentioned, and reasons for their inadequacies presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 303-316
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  • 4
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    The lower thermosphere wind regime from simultaneous observations over Euroasia (Collm, Dushanbe, Frunze) (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The circulation in the lower thermosphere as determined from the results of measurements in 1984 is considered. Ionospheric drift measurements were taken using the method of spaced reception in the long wave range. Other measurements were taken using the D2 method. Average daily values of wind velocity were used. Discontinuity of measurements ranged from a day to a week. Preliminary data were reduced to the common average height of 93 km with the help of vertical profiles of wind velocity components. The results of measurements of zonal and meridional wind velocity components are presented. Zonal circulation changes from westerly to easterly winds were observed in winter, in periods of spring time reversal and during stratomesospheric rises in temperature.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 25; p 62-65
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  • 5
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    Long-period variations of wind parameters in the mesopause region and the solar cycle dependence (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The solar cycle dependence of wind parameters below 100 km on the basis of long term continuous ionospheric drift measurements in the low frequency range is discussed. For the meridional prevailing wind no significant variation was found. The same comparison as for winter was done for summer where the previous investigations gave no correlation. Now the radar meteor wind measurement values, too, showed a significant negative correlation of the zonal prevailing wind with solar activity for the years 1976 to 1983. The ionospheric drift measurement results of Collm have the same tendency but a larger dispersion due to the lower accuracy of the harmonic analysis because of the shorter daily measuring interval in summer. Continuous wind observations in the upper mesopause region over more than 20 years revealed distinct long term variations, the origin of which cannot be explained with the present knowledge.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 25; p 58-61
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  • 6
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    Wind regime peculiarities in the lower thermosphere in the winter of 1983/84 (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Temporal variations of prevailing winds at 90 to 100 km obtained from measurements carried out in winter 1983 to 1984 at three sites in the USSR and two sites in East Germany are reported. These variations are compared with those of the thermal stratospheric regime. Measurements were carried out using the drifts D2 method (meteor wind radar) and the D1 method (ionospheric drifts). Temporal variations of zonal and meridional prevailing wind components for all the sites are given. Also presented are zonal wind data obtained using the partial reflection wind radar. Wind velocity values were obtained by averaging data recorded at between 105 and 91 km altitude. Wind velocity data averaged in such a way can be related to about the same height interval to which the data obtained by the meteor radar and ionospheric methods at other sites, i.e., the mean height of the meteor zone (about 95 km). The results presented show that there are significant fluctuations about the seasonal course of both zonal and meridional prevailing winds.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 25; p 66-69
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  • 7
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    Remarks on the ATMAP Campaigns in November 1981 and May 1982 at Collm (52 Deg N, 15 Deg E) (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: The results given are based on daily nighttime L. F. wind measurements over Central Europe on three measuring paths at 179, 227, and 272 kHz. Absolute reflection height measurements were carried out for the first time in August 1982 so that values of the months of 1982 and 1983 have been taken for the campaigns in November 1981 and May 1982. The prevailing wind and the semidiurnal tidal wind components are calculated daily. Means of the month or means of parts of a month are formed for climatological investigations. A 24 hour analysis is not possible due to the very different reflection heights during the daytime and nighttime, even with measurements being carried out the whole ay long in the winter season. The critical examination of the choice of the measuring intervals selected is dependent on the visual angle. A wind ield change is observed over Central Europe very often around the 20th of November 1981 this wind field variation being in the core period and leading over to a more stable tidal wind.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 17; p 47-50
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    D1 LF Wind Measurements in the 90 to 100 Km Height Range (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: A short historical review of the development and use of D1 low frequency (LF) techniques for wind measurement is presented and the measuring and evaluation procedures are described. The advantages and disadvantages of D1 LF measurements are examined. Finally, the results of measurements over Central Europe acquired by the Collm Geophysical Observatory are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 13; p 241-261
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Variations in midlatitude atmospheric structure and winds at mesopause heights during winter 1979-1980 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Illinois Univ. Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 2: (NASA-CR-175509); p 110-116
    Format: text
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