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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: On November 14, 1981, the shuttle-borne Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) experiment observed a carbon monoxide (CO) enhanced air mass in the middle troposphere over the Middle East. The primary source of this polluted air was estimated by constructing adiabatic isentropic trajectories backwards from the MAPS measurement location over a 36 h period. The isentropic diagnostics indicate that CO-enhanced air was transported southeastward over the Mediterranean from an organized synoptic-scale weather regime, albeit of moderate intensity, influencing central Europe on November 12. Examination of the evolving synoptic scale vertical velocity and precipitation patterns during this period, in conjuction with Meteosat visible, infrared, and water vapor imagery, suggests that the presence of this disturbed weather system over Europe may have created upward transport of CO-enhanced air between the boundary-layer and midtropospheric levels, and subsequent entrainment in the large-scale northwesterly jet stream flow over Europe and the Mediterranean.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry (ISSN 0167-7764); 9; 479-496
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Keywords: unknown
    Type: ILL. UNIV. 2D CONF. ON DIRECT AERONOMIC MEAS. IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE 31 DEC. 1965 (SEE N68-81326)
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 06, p. 903, Accession no. A82-17841)
    Keywords: GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A new algorithm has been developed which permits, for the first time, real time data reduction of nadir measurements taken with a gas filter correlation radiometer to determine tropospheric carbon monoxide concentrations. The algorithm significantly reduces the complexity of the equations to be solved while providing accuracy comparable to line-by-line calculations. The method is based on a regression analysis technique using a truncated power series representation of the primary instrument output signals to infer directly a weighted average of trace gas concentration. The results produced by a microcomputer-based implementation of this technique are compared with those produced by the more rigorous line-by-line methods. This algorithm has been used in the reduction of Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites, Shuttle, and aircraft data.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 22; Mar. 1
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of N2, O2, Ar, and He on the absorption of radiation by the 15-micron perpendicular CO2 bands are reported. The investigation was carried out at medium resolution and at gas pressures less than 1 atm. The results of the study are presented in the form of a band-averaged broadening coefficient for N2, band-averaged broadening factors for O2, Ar, and He, and wavelength dependent broadening coefficients for N2, O2, Ar, and He. Comparisons are made with other experimental and theoretical results. In addition transmittances were calculated for homogeneous paths using some of the molecular parameters determined in the study and compared with measured transmittances.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: Canadian Journal of Physics; 50; Nov. 1
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The measurements of air pollution from satellites (MAPS) experiment measured the distribution of middle tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) from the Space Shuttle during October 1984. A critical area of the experiment is the assessment of experimental error of the MAPS data. This error is determined by the comparison between the space-based CO data and concurrent, direct CO measurements taken aboard aircraft. Because of the variability in the CO measurements near land sources, a strategy for comparing the tropospheric CO measurements over the remote oceans is presented.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Canadian Journal of Physics (ISSN 0008-4204); 69; 1128-113
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Rocket payload with gamma radiation source and scintillation detector flight tested for feasibility of gamma ray scattering as technique for air density measurement
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-56837
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Samples of tropospheric air were obtained over the Eastern United States during January of 1978. These samples were analyzed by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection to produce vertical profiles of carbon monoxide and methane from the surface to 8 km. The carbon monoxide mixing ratios at 35 deg N and 45 deg N agree with previously published values; however, the mixing ratio at 25 deg N was significantly lower than most published values. The methane mixing ratio was weakly dependent on latitude and has an average value of 1.64 ppm.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 6; Dec. 197
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: During the 1979 Summer MONEX, 150 air samples collected over Saudi Arabia, India, and the Arabian Sea were analyzed for CO and CH4. Near Dhahran and over the Ganges Valley there were high concentrations of CO, around 300 ppbv, in the boundary layer. Out over the Saudi Arabian desert there was no sharp increase in the boundary layer. It is suggested that these high concentrations originate from pollution sources. Low values of CO, down to 80 ppbv, are found over the Arabian Sea as the monsoon progresses, and these may originate from the Southern Hemisphere. Methane over Saudi Arabia (1.59 ppmv) is a little higher than that over the Arabian Sea (1.54 ppmv) probably because the latter region is influenced by air from the Southern Hemisphere.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Oct. 20
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The MAPS experiment was designed to remotely measure the mixing ratio of carbon monoxide in the middle and upper troposphere using a gas filter radiometer as the sensing instrument. The asymmetrical worldwide distribution of CO is discussed as background, and the experimental scientific and technical objectives are briefly stated. The gas filter radiometer is described in detail, and the second Shuttle mission is summarized. Auxiliary and correlative data were obtained in order to evaluate the performance of the measurement system, to assess the effect of stratospheric ozone on the radiometer signals, and to determine the effect of the underlying surface. The experiment acquired about 32 hours of data between 38 deg N and 38 deg S, signal-to-noise ratios were as predicted and the instrument achieved satisfactory stability in spite of large temperature variations. Data reduction is in progress.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Symposium on the Composition of the Nonurban Troposphere; May 25, 1982 - May 28, 1982; Williamsburg, VA
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