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  • 1
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    Denitrification in the Antarctic stratosphere (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Rapid loss of ozone over Antarctica in spring requires that the abundance of gaseous nitric acid be very low. Precipitation of particulate nitric acid has been assumed to occur in association with large ice crystals, requiring significant removal of H2O and temperatures well below the frost point. However, stratospheric clouds exhibit a bimodal size distribution in the Antarctic atmosphere, with most of the nitrate concentrated in particles with radii of 1 micron or greater. It is argued here that the bimodal size distribution sets the stage for efficient denitrification, with nitrate particles either falling on their own or serving as nuclei for the condensation of ice. Denitrification can therefore occur without significant dehydration, and it is unnecessary for temperatures to drop significantly below the frost point.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 339; 525-527
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Entry science experiments for Viking 1975. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A review is given of our present knowledge of the Martian atmosphere with special emphasis on the results obtained by the Mariner 4, 6 and 7 fly-bys. The Viking Project offers the first opportunity for in situ measurements which should resolve many questions left open by previous work. A description is given of the neutral gas mass spectrometer and retarding potential analyzer experiments to be performed as the lander enters the upper atmosphere and the experiments planned for determining atmospheric structure as the lander approaches the surface of the planet.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 16; Feb. 197
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  • 3
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    Modification of the Martian ionosphere by the solar wind (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Dynamic model for Martian ionosphere modification by solar wind, assuming negligible Mars magnetic moment and neutral atmosphere
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ; ACE(
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  • 4
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    Mercury's atmosphere from Mariner 10 - Preliminary results (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of data obtained by the ultraviolet experiment on Mariner 10 indicates that Mercury is surrounded by a thin atmosphere consisting in part of helium. The partial pressure of helium at the terminator is about 5 trillionths of a millibar. The total surface pressure of the atmosphere is less than about 2 billionths of a millibar. Upper limits are set for the abundance of various gases, including hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, argon, neon, and xenon. The wavelength dependence of Mercury's surface albedo is similar to that of the moon over a broad range of wavelengths from 500 to 1600 A. Strong signals were recorded by the airglow instrument as Mariner 10 passed through the cavity behind Mercury. They are as yet unexplained but may provide information on the properties of the local plasma.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 12
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  • 5
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    Ionospheric electron temperatures near dawn. (1965)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-10
    Description: Ionospheric electron temperature anomaly calculation
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 6
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    The fluorescence of solar ionizing radiation. (1965)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-11
    Description: Mid-day dayglow intensities arising from solar ionizing radiation fluorescence
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 7
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    Ultraviolet absorption: Experiment MA-059 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A technique devised to permit the measurement of atmospheric species concentrations is described. This technique involves the application of atomic absorption spectroscopy and the quantitative observation of resonance fluorescence in which atomic or molecular species scatter resonance radiation from a light source into a detector. A beam of atomic oxygen and atomic nitrogen resonance radiation, strong unabsorbable oxygen and nitrogen radiation, and visual radiation was sent from Apollo to Soyuz. The density of atomic oxygen and atomic nitrogen between the two spacecraft was measured by observing the amount of resonance radiation absorbed when the line joining Apollo and Soyuz was perpendicular to their velocity with respect to the ambient atmosphere. Results of postflight analysis of the resonance fluorescence data are discussed.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Proj., Vol. 1; p 109-126
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    The chemistry of Antarctic ozone 1960-1987 (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The factors that influence Antarctic ozone are examined with a view to understanding the observed historical trend. Researchers show that reduced ambient temperatures can dramatically enhance the efficiency of chemical removal processes. Attention is focused on positive feedback between levels of ozone, temperature, and rates of heterogeneous chemical reactions. ClO and its dimer, and high levels of these gases are maintained until the clouds evaporate, on 15 September for the simulation shown here.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Polar Ozone Workshop. Abstracts; p 267-270
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Electron temperatures and densities in the Venus ionosphere - Pioneer Venus orbiter electron temperature probe results (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Pioneer Venus orbiter electron temperature probe was used to obtain altitude profiles of electron temperature and density in the ionosphere of Venus. Elevated temperatures at times of low solar wind flux might indicate support for a certain model. According to this model, less than 5% of the solar wind energy is deposited at the ionopause and is conducted downward through an unmagnetized ionosphere to the region below 200 km where electron cooling to the neutral atmosphere proceeds rapidly. The patterns of electron temperatures and densities at higher solar wind fluxes are considered, the variability of the ionopause height in the late afternoon is noted, and the role of an induced magnetic barrier in the neighborhood of the ionopause is discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 203; Feb. 23
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  • 10
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    Ultraviolet observations of Venus from Mariner 10 - Preliminary results (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An objective grating spectrometer on Mariner 10 has measured airglow in the wavelength range 200 to 1700 angstroms. The data reveal the presence of significant concentrations of hydrogen, helium, carbon, and oxygen atoms in the upper atmosphere of Venus. A preliminary analysis of the hydrogen data indicates an exospheric temperature of 400 K. There is evidence for intense airglow emission at wavelengths longward of 1350 angstroms; the nature of this emission is unclear, but the radiation is spatially extensive and detectable on both day and night sides of the planet.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Mar. 29
    Format: text
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