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  • 1
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    Frequency dependent attenuation in the crust (1990)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Stockholm, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 973-976, pp. L15318, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Attenuation ; Frequency ; Seismology ; Quality factor ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Inhibited interferon production after space flight (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Several studies have been performed in our laboratories indicating that interferon production may be impaired in rodents after space flight. Using an antiorthostatic suspension model that simulates some of the effects of microgravity seen during space flight, we have shown that interferon-alpha/beta production was inhibited. The inhibition was not due solely to the stress of suspension. The inhibited interferon production was transient, as suspended animals returned to normal caging recovered the ability to produce interferon. Antiorthostatic suspension of mice also resulted in a loss of resistance to infection with the diabetogenic strain of encephalomyocarditis virus, which correlated with the drop in interferon production. In rats flown in US Space Shuttle mission SL-3, interferon-gamma production was inhibited severely when spleen cells were challenged with concanavalin-A upon return to earth. In contrast, interleukin-3 production by these cells was normal. These results suggest that immune responses may be altered after antiorthostatic modeling or space flight, and the resistance to viral infections may be especially affected.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Acta microbiologica Hungarica (ISSN 0231-4622); Volume 35; 4; 411-6
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Oxidation of the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel alters calmodulin binding (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This study presents evidence for a close relationship between the oxidation state of the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel (RyR1) and its ability to bind calmodulin (CaM). CaM enhances the activity of RyR1 in low Ca2+ and inhibits its activity in high Ca2+. Oxidation, which activates the channel, blocks the binding of 125I-labeled CaM at both micromolar and nanomolar Ca2+ concentrations. Conversely, bound CaM slows oxidation-induced cross-linking between subunits of the RyR1 tetramer. Alkylation of hyperreactive sulfhydryls (〈3% of the total sulfhydryls) on RyR1 with N-ethylmaleimide completely blocks oxidant-induced intersubunit cross-linking and inhibits Ca2+-free 125I-CaM but not Ca2+/125I-CaM binding. These studies suggest that 1) the sites on RyR1 for binding apocalmodulin have features distinct from those of the Ca2+/CaM site, 2) oxidation may alter the activity of RyR1 in part by altering its interaction with CaM, and 3) CaM may protect RyR1 from oxidative modifications during periods of oxidative stress.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The American journal of physiology (ISSN 0002-9513); Volume 276; 1 Pt 1; C46-53
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Cellular immunity and lymphokine production during spaceflights (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results are presented on changes in cellular immunity and in the production of lymphokine in spacecrews during spaceflights. Measurements were carried out on blood samples collected from 50 cosmonauts before and after spaceflights of different duration, on board Salyut-6, Salyut-7, or Mir. Additional data were obtained from rats flown on board the Cosmos-1667 and Cosmos-1887 biosatellites. The parameters measured included the PHA responsiveness of T lymphocytes, the activity of T-helper cells and of nonspecific T suppressors, the activity of the so-called natural killer lymphocytes, the production of gamma-interferon, and the cell-surface markers. Results showed that the frequency and the extent of changes in the immunologic resistance of subjects depended on the duration of the flight. However, even after the most prolonged (365 days) spaceflight, the changes observed were mostly of a functional character with subsequent rapid return to normal.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Physiologist, Supplement (ISSN 0031-9376); 34; 1, Fe
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Effect of space flight on immune responses: bone marrow cell response to colony stimulating factor and leukocyte subsets (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The Physiologist (ISSN 0031-9376); Volume 35; 1 Suppl; S222-3
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Effect of space flight on cytokine production and other immunologic parameters of rhesus monkeys (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: During a recent flight of a Russian satellite (Cosmos #2229), initial experiments examining the effects of space flight on immunologic responses of rhesus monkeys were performed to gain insight into the effect of space flight on resistance to infection. Experiments were performed on tissue samples taken from the monkeys before and immediately after flight. Additional samples were obtained approximately 1 month after flight for a postflight restraint study. Two types of experiments were carried out throughout this study. The first experiment determined the ability of leukocytes to produce interleukin-1 and to express interleukin-2 receptors. The second experiment examined the responsiveness of rhesus bone marrow cells to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Human reagents that cross-reacted with monkey tissue were utilized for the bulk of the studies. Results from both studies indicated that there were changes in immunologic function attributable to space flight. Interleukin-1 production and the expression of interleukin-2 receptors was decreased after space flight. Bone marrow cells from flight monkeys showed a significant decrease in their response to GM-CSF compared with the response of bone marrow cells from nonflight control monkeys. These results suggest that the rhesus monkey may be a useful surrogate for humans in future studies that examine the effect of space flight on immune response, particularly when conditions do not readily permit human study.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research (ISSN 1079-9907); Volume 16; 5; 409-15
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Evidence for two immunologically distinct acetyl-coenzyme A synthetases in yeast (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Evidence is presented that clearly establishes the presence of two acetyl-CoA synthetases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one elaborated under 'aerobic' conditions, the other under 'nonaerobic' conditions. The antibody produced by each enzyme is immunologically specific.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 341; 1974
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Effect of space flight on cell-mediated immunity (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The cell-mediated immune response to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in rats subjected to 20 days of flight aboard the Soviet biosatellite Kosmos 7820. Groups of rats were immunized with 1,000,000 formalin-killed Listeria suspended in Freunds Complete Adjuvant, 5 days prior to flight. Immunized rats subjected to the same environmental factors as the flight rats, except flight itself, and immunized and nonimmunized rats held in a normal animal colony served as controls. Following recovery, lymphocyte cultures were harvested from spleens of all rats, cultured in vitro in the presence of L. monocytogenes antigens, Phytohemagglutinin, Conconavlin A, or purified protein derivative (PPD), and measured for their uptake of H-3-thymidine. Although individual rats varied considerably, all flight and immunized control rats gave a blastogenic response to the Listeria antigens and PPD. With several mitogens, the lymphocytes of flight rats showed a significantly increased blastogenic response over the controls. The results of this study do not support a hypothesis of a detrimental effect of space flight on cell-mediated immunity. The data suggest a possible suppressive effect of stress and gravity on an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Nutritional evaluation of bacterial diets in growing rats. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Bacterial diets nutritional evaluation in growing rats, noting implications as food for astronauts and populations on protein deficient diets
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: ; TA FREQUENZA (
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Man's short-time tolerance to sinusoidal vibration. (1964)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-10
    Description: Mans short time tolerance to sinusoidal vibrations at frequencies between 3 and 20 cps in three orthogonal axes
    Keywords: MASERS
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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