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  • 1
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    Mesoscale mixing of the Denmark Strait Overflow in the Irminger Basin (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ocean Modelling, 112 . pp. 90-98.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Highlights: • Water mass transformation in Denmark Strait Overflow is localized in space/time • High transformation co-locates with maxima in eddy velocity variance and shear • Overflow eddies modulate the transformation, eddy heat flux divergence and shear Abstract: The Denmark Strait Overflow (DSO) is a major export route for dense waters from the Nordic Seas forming the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, an important element of the climate system. Mixing processes along the DSO pathway influence its volume transport and properties contributing to the variability of the deep overturning circulation. They are poorly sampled by observations however which hinders development of a proper DSO representation in global circulation models. We employ a high resolution regional ocean model of the Irminger Basin to quantify impact of the mesoscale flows on DSO mixing focusing on geographical localization and local time–modulation of water property changes. The model reproduces the observed bulk warming of the DSO plume 100–200 km downstream of the Denmark Strait sill. It also reveals that mesoscale variability of the overflow (‘DSO-eddies’, of 20-30 km extent and a time scale of 2–5 day) modulates water property changes and turbulent mixing, diagnosed with the vertical shear of horizontal velocity and the eddy heat flux divergence. The space–time localization of the DSO mixing and warming and the role of coherent mesoscale structures should be explored by turbulence measurements and factored into the coarse circulation models.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Seasonal variability in warm-water inflow towards Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord (2017)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 47 (7). pp. 1685-1699.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Seasonal variability in pathways of warm water masses toward the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord-Glacier system (KF/KG), southeast Greenland, is investigated by backtracking Lagrangian particles seeded at the fjord mouth in a high-resolution regional ocean model simulation in the ice-free and the ice-covered seasons. The waters at KF are a mixture of Atlantic-origin water advected from the Irminger Basin (FF for Faxaflói), the deep waters from the Denmark Strait and the waters from the Arctic Ocean, both represented by the Kögur section (KO). Below 200m depth, the warm water is a mixture of FF and KO water masses, and is warmer in winter than in summer. We find that seasonal differences in pathways double the fraction of FF particles in winter, causing the seasonal warming and salinification. Seasonal temperature variations at the upstream sections (FF and KO) have a negligible impact on temperature variations near the fjord. Successful monitoring of heat flux to the fjord therefore needs to take place close to the fjord, and cannot be inferred from upstream conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Warm Atlantic inflow toward the Helmheim–Sermilik glacier–fjord system, South East Greenland: Insights from a high resolution, Eulerian Lagrangian model study (2015)
    In:  [Poster] In: AGU Fall Meeting 2015, 14.-18.12.2015, San Francisco, USA .
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    Publication Date: 2017-11-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Fates and Travel Times of Denmark Strait Overflow Water in the Irminger Basin* (2013)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43 (12). pp. 2611-2628.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-17
    Description: The Denmark Strait Overflow (DSO) supplies about one-third of the North Atlantic Deep Water and is critical to global thermohaline circulation. Knowledge of the pathways of DSO through the Irminger Basin and its transformation there is still incomplete, however. The authors deploy over 10 000 Lagrangian particles at the Denmark Strait in a high-resolution ocean model to study these issues. First, the particle trajectories show that the mean position and potential density of dense waters cascading over the Denmark Strait sill evolve consistently with hydrographic observations. These sill particles transit the Irminger Basin to the Spill Jet section (65.25°N) in 5–7 days and to the Angmagssalik section (63.5°N) in 2–3 weeks. Second, the dense water pathways on the continental shelf are consistent with observations and particles released on the shelf in the strait constitute a significant fraction of the dense water particles recorded at the Angmagssalik section within 60 days (~25%). Some particles circulate on the shelf for several weeks before they spill off the shelf break and join the overflow from the sill. Third, there are two places where the water density following particle trajectories decreases rapidly due to intense mixing: to the southwest of the sill and southwest of the Kangerdlugssuaq Trough on the continental slope. After transformation in these places, the overflow particles exhibit a wide range of densities.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    The East Greenland Spill Jet as an important component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 92 . pp. 75-84.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Highlights: • Mooring observations show the East Greenland Spill Jet to be ubiquitous. • It is fed by classical DSOW in Denmark Strait, shelf water, and Irminger Sea water. • Its transport is similar to the classical DSOW plume. • It is the origin of a large fraction of the water in the Labrador Sea Water density range. Abstract: The recently discovered East Greenland Spill Jet is a bottom-intensified current on the upper continental slope south of Denmark Strait, transporting intermediate density water equatorward. Until now the Spill Jet has only been observed with limited summertime measurements from ships. Here we present the first year-round mooring observations demonstrating that the current is a ubiquitous feature with a volume transport similar to the well-known plume of Denmark Strait overflow water farther downslope. Using reverse particle tracking in a high-resolution numerical model, we investigate the upstream sources feeding the Spill Jet. Three main pathways are identified: particles flowing directly into the Spill Jet from the Denmark Strait sill; particles progressing southward on the East Greenland shelf that subsequently spill over the shelfbreak into the current; and ambient water from the Irminger Sea that gets entrained into the flow. The two Spill Jet pathways emanating from Denmark Strait are newly resolved, and long-term hydrographic data from the strait verifies that dense water is present far onto the Greenland shelf. Additional measurements near the southern tip of Greenland suggest that the Spill Jet ultimately merges with the deep portion of the shelfbreak current, originally thought to be a lateral circulation associated with the sub-polar gyre. Our study thus reveals a previously unrecognized significant component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation that needs to be considered to understand fully the ocean׳s role in climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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