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  • 1
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    Preseismic deformation and coseismic displacements associated with the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake (2001)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Taipei, Academia Sinica, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 995-1012, pp. L13610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Earthquake ; Global Positioning System ; Geodesy ; BSSA ; China
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Energetic atomic and molecular ions of ionospheric origin observed in distant magnetotail flow-reversal events (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Energetic atomic (O(+1) and N(+1)) and molecular (O2(+1), NO(+1), and N2(+1)) ions of ionospheric origin were observed in Earth's magnetotail at X approximately -146 R(sub E) during two plasma sheet sunward/tailward flow-reversal events measured by instruments on the GEOTAIL spacecraft. These events were associated with concurrent ground-measured geomagnetic disturbance intensification at auroral-and mid-latitudes (Kp = 7(-)). Energetic ions in the sunward-component and tailward flows were from both the solar wind and ionosphere. Plasma and energetic ions participated in the flows. During tailward flow, ionospheric origin ion abundance ratios at approximately 200-900 km/s in the rest frame were N(+1)/O(+1) = approximately 25-30% and ((O2(+1), NO(+1), and N2(+1))/O(+1) = approximately 1-2%. We argue that tailward flow most likely initiated approximately 80-100 R(sub E) tailward of Earth and molecular ions were in the plasma sheet prior to geomagnetic intensification onset.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 25; p. 3023-3026
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Dual Spacecraft Observations of Lobe Magnetic Field Perturbations Before, During and after Plasmoid Release (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: This study examines a unique data set returned by IMP8 and Geotail on January 29, 1995 during a substorm which resulted in the ejection of a plasmoid. The two spacecraft (s/c) were situated in the north lobe of the tail and both observed a traveling compression region (TCR). From single s/c observations only the length of the plasmoid in X and an estimate of its height in Z can be determined. However, we show that dual s/c measurements of TCRs can be used to model all three dimensions of the underlying plasmoid and to estimate of its rate of expansion or contraction. For this event plasmoid dimensions of Delta(X) approximates 18, Delta(Y) approximates 30, and Delta(Z) approximates 10 R(sub e) are inferred from the IMP8 and Geotail lobe magnetic field measurements. The earthward end of the plasmoid was inferred to be near the mean location of the near-earth neutral line, X approximates -26 R(sub e). Its center was underneath IMP 8 at X approximates -34 R(sub e) and its tailward end appeared to be near X approximates -44 R(sub e). Furthermore, a factor of approximately 2 increase in the amplitude of the TCR occurred in the 1.5 min it took to move from IMP 8 to Geotail. Modeled using conservation of the magnetic flux, this increase in lobe compression implies that the underlying plasmoid was expanding at a rate of approximately 140 km/s. Such an expansion is comparable to recently reported V(sub y) speeds in "young" plasmoids in this region of the tail. Finally, the Geotail measurements indicate that a reconfiguration of the lobe magnetic field closely followed the ejection of the plasmoid which moved magnetic flux tubes into the wake behind the plasmoid where they would convect into the near-earth neutral line and reconnect.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Collisionless coupling in the AMPTE artificial comet (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Analysis of previously reported observations of the solar wind-barium interaction associated with the AMPTE artificial comet release of Dec. 27, 1984, is presented. On the basis of these results it is argued that solar wind couples momentum (and energy) to the barium ions through both laminar and turbulent processes. The laminar forces acting on the particles are the laminar electric and magnetic fields; the turbulent forces are associated with the intense electrostatic wave activity. This wave activity is shown to be caused by a cross-field solar wind proton-barium ion streaming instability. The observed wave frequencies and saturated amplitudes are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 47-54
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Development of interactive multimedia applications (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Multimedia is making an increasingly significant contribution to our informational society. The usefulness of this technology is already evident in education, business presentations, informational kiosks (e.g., in museums), training and the entertainment environment. Institutions, from grade schools to medical schools, are exploring the use of multifaceted electronic text books and teaching aids to enhance course materials. Through multimedia, teachers and students can take full advantage of the cognitive value of animation, audio, video and other types in a seamless application. The Software Technology Branch at NASA Johnson Space Center (NASA/JSC) is taking similar approaches to apply the state-of-the-art technology to space training, mission operations and other applications. This paper discusses the characteristics and development of multimedia applications at the NASA/JSC.
    Keywords: DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
    Type: NASA, Washington, Technology 2002: The Third National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, Volume 2; p 217-225
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Feed system design for a reduced pressure tank (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Three designs were considered to satisfy the design objective. These designs were the current design, a Land Based Pressurized Feed System, and a fuel recirculation system. A computer code was developed to analyze the current feed system and assist in the analysis of the two experimental systems. After comparing the three concepts, the land Based Pressurized Feed System seemed to be the most promising new development. This design coupled with the piping configuration described in the report provides a justifiable fuel feed system which satisfies all the necessary requirements.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: The 1994 NASA(USRA)ADP Design Projects 19 p(SEE N95-26304 08-80); The 1994 NASA(USRA)A
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Metamorphoses of ONAV console operations: From prototype to real time application (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The ONAV (Onboard Navigation) Expert System is being developed as a real time console assistant to the ONAV flight controller for use in the Mission Control Center at the Johnson Space Center. Currently the entry and rendezvous systems are in verification, and the ascent is being prototyped. To arrive at this stage, from a prototype to real world application, the ONAV project has had to deal with not only AI issues but operating environment issues. The AI issues included the maturity of AI languages and the debugging tools, what is verification, and availability, stability, and the size of the expert pool. The environmental issues included real time data acquisition, hardware stability, and how to achieve acceptance by users and management.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, The 1991 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence; p 317-326
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Two implementations of the Expert System for the Flight Analysis System (ESFAS) project (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: A comparison is made between the two most sophisticated expert system building tools, the Automated Reasoning Tool (ART) and the Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE). The same problem domain (ESFAS) was used in making the comparison. The Expert System for the Flight Analysis System (ESFAS) acts as an intelligent front end for the Flight Analysis System (FAS). FAS is a complex configuration controlled set of interrelated processors (FORTRAN routines) which will be used by the Mission Planning and Analysis Div. (MPAD) to design and analyze Shuttle and potential Space Station missions. Implementations of ESFAS are described. The two versions represent very different programming paradigms; ART uses rules and KEE uses objects. Due to each of the tools philosophical differences, KEE is implemented using a depth first traversal algorithm, whereas ART uses a user directed traversal method. Either tool could be used to solve this particular problem.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Second Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications; p 443-447
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    An intelligent training system for space shuttle flight controllers (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: An autonomous intelligent training system which integrates expert system technology with training/teaching methodologies is described. The system was designed to train Mission Control Center (MCC) Flight Dynamics Officers (FDOs) to deploy a certain type of satellite from the Space Shuttle. The Payload-assist module Deploys/Intelligent Computer-Aided Training (PD/ICAT) system consists of five components: a user interface, a domain expert, a training session manager, a trainee model, and a training scenario generator. The interface provides the trainee with information of the characteristics of the current training session and with on-line help. The domain expert (DeplEx for Deploy Expert) contains the rules and procedural knowledge needed by the FDO to carry out the satellite deploy. The DeplEx also contains mal-rules which permit the identification and diagnosis of common errors made by the trainee. The training session manager (TSM) examines the actions of the trainee and compares them with the actions of DeplEx in order to determine appropriate responses. A trainee model is developed for each individual using the system. The model includes a history of the trainee's interactions with the training system and provides evaluative data on the trainee's current skill level. A training scenario generator (TSG) designs appropriate training exercises for each trainee based on the trainee model and the training goals. All of the expert system components of PD/ICAT communicate via a common blackboard. The PD/ICAT is currently being tested. Ultimately, this project will serve as a vehicle for developing a general architecture for intelligent training systems together with a software environment for creating such systems.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, The 1988 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence; p 3-15
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Intelligent interfaces for expert systems (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Vital to the success of an expert system is an interface to the user which performs intelligently. A generic intelligent interface is being developed for expert systems. This intelligent interface was developed around the in-house developed Expert System for the Flight Analysis System (ESFAS). The Flight Analysis System (FAS) is comprised of 84 configuration controlled FORTRAN subroutines that are used in the preflight analysis of the space shuttle. In order to use FAS proficiently, a person must be knowledgeable in the areas of flight mechanics, the procedures involved in deploying a certain payload, and an overall understanding of the FAS. ESFAS, still in its developmental stage, is taking into account much of this knowledge. The generic intelligent interface involves the integration of a speech recognizer and synthesizer, a preparser, and a natural language parser to ESFAS. The speech recognizer being used is capable of recognizing 1000 words of connected speech. The natural language parser is a commercial software package which uses caseframe instantiation in processing the streams of words from the speech recognizer or the keyboard. The systems configuration is described along with capabilities and drawbacks.
    Keywords: CYBERNETICS
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Second Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications; p 419-426
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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