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  • 1
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    Mars Observer magnetic fields investigation (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The magnetic fields experiment designed for the Mars Observer mission will provide definitive measurements of the Martian magnetic field from the transition and mapping orbits planned for the Mars Observer. The paper describes the instruments (which include a classical magnetometer and an electron reflection magnetometer) and techniques designed to investigate the nature of the Martian magnetic field and the Mars-solar wind interaction, the mapping of crustal magnetic fields, and studies of the Martian ionosphere, which are activities included in the Mars Observer mission objectives. Attention is also given to the flight software incorporated in the on-board data processor, and the procedures of data processing and analysis.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; E5, M
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  • 2
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    Comparative study of energetic heliospheric electrons at wind and geotail (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The current fleet of both heliospheric and magnetospheric spacecraft provides a unique opportunity of studying spatio-temporal plasma phenomena. Among the numerous topics that can be addressed by such a fleet, figures the 3D study of energetic (greater than 20 keV) solar electron) solar electron events. WIND and GEOTAIL are particulary interesting for such analysis: more than two years of data; up to 3/4 continuous days spent by GEOTAIL in the solar wind; and comparable experiments. During solar electron events, rapid electron flux changes can be associated with these structures. Sometimes they are seen at both spacecraft with a time difference corresponding to the convection time, but sometimes they are observed at one spacecraft but not at the other. Several preliminary conclusions can be drawn from such events: (1) there is direct evidence that, within distances lower than 1.5 x 10(exp 6) km at 1 A (approximately 7000 km at the sun), there are significant spatial variations of (a) the magnetic field line connections to the source region and probably of (b) the particle propagation features; (2) magnetic field lines inside and outside particle propagation structures can keep distinct access to the source region for more than one hour; (3) flux waves, of probable local origin, were observed; and (4) within one hour, spatial flux discrepancies, separated by magnetic structures, may remain or disappear.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Proceedings of the 31st ESALB Symposium on Correlated Phenomena at the Sun, in the Heliosphere and in Geospace; 217-223; ESA-SP-415
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  • 3
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    Nonlinear wave particle interaction in the Earth's foreshock (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The possibility that ion beams could provide a free energy source for driving an ion/ion instability responsible for the ULF wave occurrence is investigated. For this, the wave dispersion relation with the observed parameters is solved. Secondly, it is shown that the ring-like distributions could then be produced by a coherent nonlinear wave-particle interaction. It tends to trap the ions into narrow cells in velocity space centered around a well-defined pitch-angle, directly related to the saturation wave amplitude in the analytical theory. The theoretical predictions with the observations are compared.
    Keywords: Plasma Physics
    Type: Proceedings of the 31st ESALB Symposium on Correlated Phenomena at the Sun, in the Heliosphere and in Geospace; 349-352; ESA-SP-415
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  • 4
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    The INTEGRAL scatterometer SPI (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The INTErnational Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) mission's onboard spectrometer, the INTEGRAL spectrometer (SPI), is described. The SPI constitutes one of the four main mission instruments. It is optimized for detailed measurements of gamma ray lines and for the mapping of diffuse sources. It combines a coded aperture mask with an array of large volume, high purity germanium detectors. The detectors make precise measurements of the gamma ray energies over the 20 keV to 8 MeV range. The instrument's characteristics are described and the Monte Carlo simulation of its performance is outlined. It will be possible to study gamma ray emission from compact objects or line profiles with a high energy resolution and a high angular resolution.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation
    Type: ; 591-598
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  • 5
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    Subsatellite measurements of plasmas and solar particles (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The experiment with the small scientific subsatellite which was launched into lunar orbit from Apollo 15 is described. The subsatellite was designed to measure plasma and energetic-particle fluxes, vector magnetic fields, and velocity of the subsatellite for determining lunar gravitational anomalies. The theory of particle-shadow formation by the moon solar wind electrons, and energetic-electron fluxes in interplanetary space are discussed along with an analysis of the initial data.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 6
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    Subsatellite measurements of plasma and energetic particles (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 particles and fields subsatellite is instrumented to measure (1) plasma and energetic-particle fluxes, (2) vector magnetic fields, and (3) velocity of the subsatellite to a high precision for the purpose of determining lunar gravitational anomalies. Results from the magnetic-field and gravitational-field experiments are discussed. The results obtained from the plasma and energetic-particle detectors are discussed briefly. The plasma and energetic-particles experiment describes the various plasma regimes in which the moon moves, and determines how the moon interacts with the plasma and magnetic fields in the environment.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, PLASMA
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 7
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    Low-energy particle layer outside of the plasma sheet boundary (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The ISEE spacecraft in the geomagnetic tail frequently crossed the high-latitude boundary of the plasma sheet. On a number of these crossings on the morningside (between 15 RE and 22 RE) the ISEE instruments detected an enhanced population of low-energy electrons and ions immediately adjacent to the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL). The electrons in this low-energy layer (LEL) have energies less than a few hundred eV, and they are aligned along the magnetic field direction propagating in the tailward direction. The ions have energies less than 100 eV and are also streaming along the magnetic field direction but in the earthward direction. These particles are clearly distinguished from the bulk of the particles in the plasma sheet and the PSBL. These observations may help clarify where the various particle features in the geomagnetic tail map to in the ionosphere. It is suggested that the LEL maps to the soft (less than 1 keV) electron precipitation region poleward of the plasma sheet boundary.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A3, M; 2943-295
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  • 8
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    Negative ions in the coma of Comet Halley (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The detection of negatively charged cometary ions in the inner coma of Comet Halley is reported. These ions are observed in three broad mass peaks at 7-19, 22-65, and 85-110 AMU, with densities reaching greater than about 1/cu cm, about 0.05/cu cm, and about 0.04/cu cm, respectively, at a distance of about 2300 km from the nucleus. The ion species thought to be present include O(-), OH(-), C(-), CH(-), CN(-) and heavier complex CHO molecular ions. As negative ions are easily destroyed by solar radiation at about 1 AU, an efficient production mechanism, so far unidentified, is required to account for the observed densities. The detection of negative ions in the coma near 1 AU implies that negative ions should also be present in similar neutral gas and dust environment farther away from the sun. If the negative-ion densities are large enough, they could play an important part in physical processes such as radiative transfer or charge exchange.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 349; 393-396
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  • 9
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    Energetic electrons associated with solar radio storms (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Osservatorio Astronomico Solar Radio Storms. Proc. of the 4th CESRA Workshop on Solar Noise Storms; p 320-323
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  • 10
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    The composition of heavy molecular ions inside the ionopause of Comet Halley (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The RPA2-PICCA instrument aboard the Giotto spacecraft obtained 10-210 amu mass spectral of cold thermal molecular ions in the coma of Comet Halley. The dissociation products of the long chain formaldehyde polymer polyoxymethylene (POM) have recently been proposed as the dominant complex molecules in the coma of Comet Halley; however, POM alone cannot account for all of the features of the high resolution spectrum. An important component of the dust at Comet Halley is particles highly enriched in carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen relative to the composition of carbonaceous chondrites. Since this dust could be a source for the heavy molecules observed by PICCA, a search was conducted for other chemical species by determining all the molecules with mass between 20 and 120 amu which can be made from the relatively abundant C, H, O, and N, without regard to chemical structure.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Ames Research Center, Interstellar Dust: Contributed Papers; p 451-452
    Format: application/pdf
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