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  • 1
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    Quantitative observation of light flash sensations experiment MA-106 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Light flashes caused by the interaction of cosmic particles with the visual apparatus have been observed by astronauts on all space missions since Apollo 11. This Apollo Soyuz Test Project experiment compared measurements of the observer's visual sensitivity with measurements of the ambient radiation environment and with the frequency and character of the flashes observed. The data obtained reveal a latitude dependence of the frequency of observed flashes. This distribution of flashes is correlated with the distribution of cosmic particles with stopping power greater than 15 keV/ micrometers in the eye. The interaction of dark adaptation, specific ionization, and range of particles in the retina as factors in the visualization of particle passage is discussed.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 16 p
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  • 2
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    Segmented Ge detector rejection of internal beta activity produced by neutron irradiation (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Future Ge spectrometers flown in space to observe cosmic gamma-ray sources will incorporate segmented detectors to reduce the background from radioactivity produced by energetic particle reactions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of a segmented Ge detector in rejecting background events due to the beta decay of internal radioactivity, a laboratory experiment has been carried out in which radioactivity was produced in the detector by neutron irradiation. A Cf-252 source of neutrons was used to produce, by neutron capture on Ge-74 (36.5 percent of natural Ge) in the detector itself, Ge-75 (t sub 1/2 = 82.78 min), which decays by beta emission with a maximum electron kinetic energy of 1188 keV. By requiring that an ionizing event deposit energy in two or more of the five segments of the detector, each about 1-cm thick, the beta particles, which have a range of about 1-mm, are rejected, while most external gamma rays incident on the detector are counted. Analysis of this experiment indicates that over 85 percent of the beta events from the decay of Ge-75 are rejected, which is in good agreement with Monte Carlo calculations.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); 38; 218-220
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  • 3
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    Space station common module network topology and hardware development (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Conceptual space station common module power management and distribution (SSM/PMAD) network layouts and detailed network evaluations were developed. Individual pieces of hardware to be developed for the SSM/PMAD test bed were identified. A technology assessment was developed to identify pieces of equipment requiring development effort. Equipment lists were developed from the previously selected network schematics. Additionally, functional requirements for the network equipment as well as other requirements which affected the suitability of specific items for use on the Space Station Program were identified. Assembly requirements were derived based on the SSM/PMAD developed requirements and on the selected SSM/PMAD network concepts. Basic requirements and simplified design block diagrams are included. DC remote power controllers were successfully integrated into the DC Marshall Space Flight Center breadboard. Two DC remote power controller (RPC) boards experienced mechanical failure of UES 706 stud-mounted diodes during mechanical installation of the boards into the system. These broken diodes caused input to output shorting of the RPC's. The UES 706 diodes were replaced on these RPC's which eliminated the problem. The DC RPC's as existing in the present breadboard configuration do not provide ground fault protection because the RPC was designed to only switch the hot side current. If ground fault protection were to be implemented, it would be necessary to design the system so the RPC switched both the hot and the return sides of power.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-184034 , NAS 1.26:184034 , MCR-90-536
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  • 4
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    Space station common module power system network topology and hardware development (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Candidate power system newtork topologies for the space station common module are defined and developed and the necessary hardware for test and evaluation is provided. Martin Marietta's approach to performing the proposed program is presented. Performance of the tasks described will assure systematic development and evaluation of program results, and will provide the necessary management tools, visibility, and control techniques for performance assessment. The plan is submitted in accordance with the data requirements given and includes a comprehensive task logic flow diagram, time phased manpower requirements, a program milestone schedule, and detailed descriptions of each program task.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-178587 , NAS 1.26:178587 , MCR-85-621-000
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  • 5
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    A position-sensitive germanium detector for gamma-ray astronomy (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The critical problem in high-resolution cosmic gamma-ray spectroscopy in the energy range from 0.02 to 10 MeV is the limited spectral sensitivity of the detectors used. This results from the small effective area of the detectors and the high background noise due to induced radioactivity and scattering in the detectors' high-energy particle environment. The effective area can be increased by increasing the number of detectors, but this becomes prohibitive because of the size and expense of the resulting instrument. We have taken a new approach: a segmented large-volume germanium gamma-ray detector which can effectively discriminate against internal background yet maintain the high spectral resolution and efficiency of conventional coaxial Ge detectors. To verify this concept, a planar detector divided into two segments has been fabricated and laboratory measurements agree well with Monte Carlo calculations. A large coaxial detector which will be divided into five segments is being built using the techniques developed for the planar detector. Monte Carlo calculations show that the sensitivity (minimum detectable flux) of the segmented coaxial detector is a factor of 2-3 better than conventional detectors because of the reduction in the internal background.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); NS-31; 300-306
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  • 6
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    Overview of the LADEE Ultraviolet-visible Spectrometer: Design, Performance and Planned Operations (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) is an orbital lunar science mission currently under development to address the goals of the 2003 National Research Council decadal survey, the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group Roadmap, and the "Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon" (SCEM) report, and has been recommended for execution by the 2011 Planetary Missions Decadal Survey. The mission s focus is to study the pristine state of the lunar atmosphere and dust environment prior to possible lunar exploration activities by countries, including the United States, China, India, and Japan, among others. Activity on the lunar surface has the potential of altering the tenuous lunar atmosphere, but changing the type and concentration of gases in the atmosphere. Before these activities occur it is important to make measurements of the current lunar atmosphere in its unmodified state. LADEE will determine the composition of the lunar atmosphere and investigate the processes that control its distribution and variability, including sources, sinks, and surface interactions. It will monitor variations in known gases, such as sodium, potassium, argon and helium, and will search for other, as-yet-undetected gases of both lunar and extra-lunar origin. LADEE will also determine whether dust is present in the lunar exosphere, and reveal the processes that contribute to its sources and variability. Launch is planned for August, 2013.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN8081 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) 2013; Mar 18, 2013 - Mar 22, 2013; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 7
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    Feasibility of KTa(1-x)Nb(x)O3 as a dielectric or pyroelectric microcalorimeter (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We are developing a dielectric microcalorimeter for X-ray spectroscopy. We will present the results of our measurement of the dielectric permittivity, the spontaneous polarization, and the pyroelectric coefficient of the mixed-crystal quantum ferroelectric KTa(1-x)Nb(x)O3 with a doping of x = 0.012, as a function of temperature and bias voltage across the device. The effects of surface layers on the permittivity and the pyroelectric coefficient are discussed. We also show the signal results from infrared LED and alpha-particle radiation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: EUV, X-ray, and gamma-ray instrumentation for astronomy III; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 22-24, 1992 (A93-29476 10-35); p. 380-390.
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  • 8
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    Laboratory Astrophysics and Microanalysis with NTD-Germanium-Based X-Ray Microcalorimeter (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: With the ability to create cosmic plasma conditions in the laboratory it is possible to investigate the dependencies of key diagnostic X-ray lines on density, temperature, and excitation conditions that exist in astrophysical sources with X-ray optics and a high resolution x-ray microcalorimeter. The same instrumentation can be coupled to scanning electron microscopes or x-ray fluorescence probes to analyze the elemental and chemical composition of electronic, biological, geological and particulate materials. We describe how our microcalorimeter and x-ray optics provide significantly improved capabilities for laboratory astrophysics and microanalysis.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A; 444; 156-160
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  • 9
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    X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy with NTD Germanium-based Microcalorimeters (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report on the performance of our NTD-Ge microcalorimeters. To date, the spectral resolution for x-ray and gamma-ray lines from radioactive sources and laboratory plasmas is 4.8 eV in the entire 1 - 6 keV band and 52 eV at 60 keV. Technical details responsible for this performance are presented as well as an innovative electro-thermal approach for enhancing count-rate capability.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: Ninth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors; Jul 22, 2001 - Jul 27, 2001; Madison, WI; United States
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  • 10
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    The Constellation-X Focal Plane Microcalorimeter Array: An NTD-Germanium Solution (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The hallmarks of Neutron Transmutation Doped (NTD) germanium cryogenic thermistors include high reliability, reproducibility, and long term stability of bulk carrier transport properties. Using micro-machined NTD Ge thermistors with integral 'flying' leads, we can now fabricate two-dimensional arrays that are built up from a series of stacked linear arrays. We believe that this modular approach of building, assembling, and perhaps replacing individual modules of detectors is essential to the successful fabrication and testing of large multi-element instruments. Details of construction are presented.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: Ninth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors; Jul 22, 2001 - Jul 27, 2001; Madison, WI; United States
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