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  • 1
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    Metapelite from the high‐ to ultrahigh‐pressure terrane of the Eastern Alps (Pohorje Mountains, Slovenia)—New pressure, temperature and time constraints on a polymetamorphic rock (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The Austroalpine nappe stack of the Pohorje Mountains (Mts.) in northeastern Slovenia comprises a suite of eclogite facies metamorphic rocks that were partially assigned to Eo‐Alpine ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism (UHPM). We selected a micaschist, which was previously related to this metamorphism, for a detailed study including the chemical zonation of garnet and potassic white mica, the identification of mineral inclusion assemblages, pseudosection modelling with PERPLE_X, and monazite in‐situ dating with the electron microprobe. Polymetamorphism was revealed by (at least) two generations of garnet and phengite and four populations of monazite yielding ages of 283.6 ± 6.1 (2σ), 94.1 ± 3.7, 47.9 ± 10.8 and 26.2 ± 2.8 Ma. The Permian monazite population is characterized by relatively high Y contents (~1.15 wt% Y) and low La/Gd mass ratios (8.7) indicating its formation before the growth of porphyroblastic garnet. The Eo‐Alpine population, however, grew synchronously with garnet based on low Y contents (~0.05 wt%) and high La/Gd ratios (21.4). The older Tertiary population (48 Ma) shows also high Y contents (1.1 wt%) and low La/Gd ratios (10.6) whereas the younger Tertiary population is characterized by low Y contents. The Permian P–T conditions of 7.5–10 kbar at 600–650°C were obtained using the inclusion assemblage of staurolite+rutile+biotite in porphyroblastic garnet. High pressure (HP) but no UHPM was reconstructed for both Eo‐Alpine coarse phengite (Si = 3.22 per formula unit = pfu) and small Tertiary garnet+fine‐grained phengite (Si = 3.27 pfu) at peak pressures ~16 kbar and 18.5–23 kbar respectively. Maximum temperatures close to 650°C were likely reached during the Eo‐Alpine HP event, whereas those of the Tertiary HP event were probably ~580°C. These HP metamorphic events suggest that the Pohorje Mts. experienced both an Eo‐Alpine and a Tertiary subduction–exhumation history, the latter of which was mainly reported for underlying Penninic nappes so far.
    Description: MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of GPMR and the 111 Project (BP0719022)
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Keywords: 552.4 ; high‐P metapelite ; monazite dating ; Pohorje Mountains ; P–T pseudosection ; Zr‐in‐rutile geothermometry
    Type: article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    The effects of fire on biogenic emissions of methane and nitric oxide from wetlands (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Enhanced emissions of methane (CH4) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured following three controlled burns in a Florida wetlands in 1987 and 1988. Wetlands are the major global source of methane resulting from metabolic activity of methanogenic bacteria. Methanogens require carbon dioxide, acetate, or formate for their growth and the metabolic production of methane. All three water-soluble compounds are produced in large concentrations during biomass burning. Postfire methane emissions exceeded 0.15 g CH 4/sq m per day. Preburn and postburn measurements of soil nutrients indicate significant postburn increases in soil ammonium, from 8.35 to 13.49 parts per million (ppm) in the upper 5 cm of the Juncus marsh and from 8.83 to 23.75 ppm in the upper 5 cm of the Spartina marsh. Soil nitrate concentrations were found to decrease in both marshes after the fire. These measurements indicate that the combustion products of biomass burning exert an important 'fertilizing' effect on the biosphere and on the biogenic production of environmentally significant atmospheric gases.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 1853-186
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Trace gas emissions from burning Florida wetlands (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Measurements of biomass burn-produced trace gases were obtained using a helicopter at low altitudes above burning Florida wetlands on November 9, 1987, and from both helicopter and light-aircraft samplings on November 7, 1988. Carbon dioxide normalized emission ratios for carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, total nonmethane hydrocarbons, and nitrous oxide were obtained over burning graminoid wetlands consisting primarily of Spartina bakeri and Juncus roemerianus. Some interspersed scrub oak and saw palmetto were also burned. No significant differences were observed in the emission ratios determined for these gases from samples collected over flaming, mixed, and smoldering phases of combustion during the 1987 fire. Combustion-categorized differences in emission ratios were small for the 1988 fire. Combustion efficiency was relatively good (low emission ratios for reduced gases) for both fires. It is believed that the consistently low emission ratios were a unique result of graminoid wetlands fires, in which the grasses and rushes burned rapidly down to standing water and were quickly extinguished. Consequently, the efficiency of the combustion was good and the amount and duration of smoldering combustion was greatly deminished.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 1865-187
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  • 4
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    A summary of recent developments in transportation hazard classification activities for ammonium perchlorate (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The transportation hazard classification of Ammonium Perchlorate is discussed. A test program was completed and data were forwarded to retain a Class 5.1 designation (oxidizer) for AP which is shipped internationally. As a follow-on to the initial team effort to conduct AP tests existing data were examined and a matrix which catalogs test parameters and findings was compiled. A collection of test protocols is developed to standardize test methods for energetic materials of all types. The actions to date are summarized; the participating organizations and their roles as presently understood; specific findings on AP (matrix); and issues, lessons learned, and potential actions of particular interest to the propulsion community which may evolve as a result of future U.N. propellant transportation classification activities.
    Keywords: PROPELLANTS AND FUELS
    Type: APL The 1983 JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, Vol. 2; p 19-38
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Analysis of 3587 pi super plus decays. (1965)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-11
    Description: Analysis of 3587 tau-meson decays in emulsion stacks, comparing experimental pion energy spectra with theory
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
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  • 6
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    Parachute Swivel Mechanism for planetary entry (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A parachute swivel mechanism (PSM) for planetary entry missions such as a Mars probe (MARSNET) or return of cometary material samples (ROSETTA mission) has been developed. The purpose of the PSM is to decouple the spin of the probe from the parachute, with low friction torque, during both the deployment and descent phases. Critical requirements are high shock loads, low friction, low temperatures, and several years of storage in the deep space environment (during the cruise phase of the probe, prior to operation). The design uses a main thrust ball bearing to cope with the load requirement and a smaller thrust ball bearing for guiding of the shaft. Except for use on the Viking and Galileo swivels, it appears that this type of bearing has very rarely been employed in space mechanisms, so that little is known of its friction behavior with dry lubrication. A slip ring assembly allows the transfer of electrical power for post-reefing of the parachute. A test program has been conducted covering the environmental conditions of Mars entry and Earth reentry. This paper describes requirement constraints, model missions of planetary entries, a bearing trade-off, analyses performed, design details, the lubrication system, and test results (friction torque versus load/spin rate). In addition, the design of the test rig is addressed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center, The 27th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; p 237-254
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Summary of Preliminary Results from the Environmental Monitoring Program for STS-1 Launch (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An overview of the environmental program conducted at the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida is provided. Preliminary results of monitoring activities which were accomplished for flight readiness firing and the STS-1 launch are presented.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: APL The 1981 JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, Vol. 1; p 555-586
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Development and characterization of orthotropic-birefringent materials (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Materials were selected and fabrication procedures developed for orthotropic birefringent materials. An epoxy resin (Maraset 658/558 system) was selected as the matrix material. Fibers obtained from style 3733 glass cloth and type 1062 glass roving were used as reinforcement. Two different fabrication procedures were used. In the first one, layers of unidirectional fibers removed from the glass cloth were stacked, impregnated with resin, bagged and cured in the autoclave at an elevated temperature. In the second procedure, the glass roving was drywound over metal frames, impregnated with resin and cured at room temperature under pressure and vacuum in an autoclave. Unidirectional, angle-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates of two thicknesses and with embedded flaws were fabricated. The matrix and the unidirectional glass/epoxy material were fully characterized. The density, fiber volume ratio, mechanical, and optical properties were determined. The fiber volume ratio was over 0.50. Birefringent properties were in good agreement with predictions based on a stress proportioning concept and also, with one exception, with properties predicted by a finite element analysis. Previously announced in STAR as N81-26183
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: Experimental Mechanics (ISSN 0014-4851); 24; 135-143
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    A Coarse Pointing Assembly for Optical Communication (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: In the framework of a contract with the European Space Agency, RUAG Space are developing a Coarse Pointing Assembly for an Optical Communication Terminal with the goal to enable high-bandwidth data exchange between GEO and/or LEO satellites as well as to earth-bound ground stations. This paper describes some development and testing aspects of such a high precision opto-mechanical device, with emphasis on the influence of requirements on the final design, the usage of a Bearing Active Preload System, some of the lessons learned on the BAPS implementation, the selection of a flex print design as rotary harness and some aspects of functional and environmental testing.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: Proceedings of the 40th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 99-108; NASA/CP-2010-216272
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Effects of space shuttle launches STS-1 through STS-9 on terrestrial vegetation of John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Space Shuttle launches produce a cloud containing hydrochloric acid (HCl), aluminum oxide (Al203), and other substances. Acidities of less than 0.5 pH have been measured routinely in association with the launch cloud. In an area of about 22 ha regularly exposed to the exhaust cloud during most Shuttle launches, acute vegetation damage has resulted from the first nine Shuttle launches. Changes include loss of sensitive species, loss of plant community structure, reduction in total cover, and replacement of some species by weedy invaders. Community level changes define a retrogressive sequence. One-time impacts to strand and dune vegetation occurred after launches of STS-8 and STS-9. Acute vegetation damage occurred especially to sensitive species. Within six months, however, recovery was nearly complete. Sensitivity of species to the launch cloud was partially predicted by previous laboratory studies. Far-field acidic and dry fallout from the cloud as it rises to stabilization and moves with the prevailing winds causes vegetation spotting. Damage from this deposition is minor; typically at most 1% to 5% of leaf surface area is affected. No plant mortality or community changes have occurred from far-field deposition.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-TM-83103 , NAS 1.15:83103
    Format: application/pdf
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