ALBERT

Description: Salt and alkaline-tolerant actinomycete strain, YIM 90018T, was isolated from a saline and alkaline soil sample collected from Qinghai, China, and was then subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. Aerial hyphae of strain YIM 90018T were not produced on almost tested media except YIM 82# agar. Vegetative hyphae were abundant, developed well, and not fragmented. Straight or flexuous (Rectiflexibiles) spore chains. The strain grew well at 25% of MgCl2.6H2O and pH 10. All of these characters consistently assign the strain YIM 90018T to known species of the genus Streptomyces. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA, DNA-DNA hybridization, phenotypic characters and comparison with known species of the genus, strain YIM 90018T can be differentiated from all the validly described Streptomyces species. A novel species, Streptomyces sparsus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the new species is YIM 90018T (CCTCC AA204019= DSM 41858T).

Description: A novel isolate belonging to the genus Streptomyces, strain YIM 47672(T), was obtained from soil from Hainan, an island in China. The characterization of this isolate was performed by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed long spore chains in the aerial mycelia. The cell wall contained L-diaminopimelic acid, traces of meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose and xylose. The phospholipid was of type II. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities for YIM 47672(T) with respect to the most closely related type strains of species of the genus Streptomyces were less than 96.3%. Therefore strain YIM 47672(T) represents a novel member of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces hainanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 47672 (T) (=CCTCC AA 205017(T) = DSM 41 900(T)).

Description: A novel actinonmycete strain, YIM 0006(T), was isolated from soil of a tropical rainforest in northern Thailand. The isolate displayed the following characteristics: aerial mycelium is absent, short spore chains are formed directly on the substrate mycelium, contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose (cell-wall chemotype IV), the diagnostic phospholipid is phosphaticlylcholine, MK-9(H-4) is the predominant menaquinone and the G + C content of the genomic DNA is 69.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics showed that strain YIM 0006(T) belongs to the family Pseudonocardiaceae but can be distinguished from representatives of all genera classified in the family. The novel genus and species Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed, with strain YIM 0006(T) (=CCTCC AA 205017(T) =DSM 45062(T)) as the type strain of Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis.

Description: Two Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T), were isolated from virgin forest soil samples collected in Hunan Province, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of the two novel isolates ranged from 96.3 to 97.6% with species of the genus Sphaerisporangium with validly published names but, in the tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates formed distinct phyletic lines. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two novel isolates was 97.1%. DNA-DNA hybridization of strains YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T) with recognized species of the genus Sphaerisporangium revealed that the level of DNA-DNA relatedness was below 70%. The DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T) were 67.1 and 71 mol%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone, MK-9(H(4)); major polar lipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipids; major fatty acids, iso-C(16:0) and 10-methyl C(17:0)] supported the affiliation of the two isolates with the genus Sphaerisporangium. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the two isolates from recognized Sphaerisporangium species. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomical and phylogenetic data, strains YIM 48771(T) and YIM 48782(T) are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Sphaerisporangium, for which the names Sphaerisporangium flaviroseum sp. nov. (type strain, YIM 48771(T)=DSM 45170(T)=KCTC 19393(T)) and Sphaerisporangium album sp. nov. (type strain, YIM 48782(T)=DSM 45172(T)=CCTCC AA 208026(T)) are proposed.

Description: A Gram-positive, milk-white coloured, aerobic strain, YIM 48868(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Maytenus hookeri Loes in Xishuangbanna, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain YIM 48868(T) was a member of the genus Actinopolymorpha, showing 96.8% sequence similarity to Actinopolymorpha singaporensis IM 7744(T) and 97.0% similarity to Actinopolymorpha rutila YIM 45725(T). Chemotaxonomic data (peptidoglycan type 1, LL-diaminopimelic acid; sugar pattern C, glucose, rhamnose and ribose; polar lipids PI, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphaticlylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylinositol) were characteristic of the genus Actinopolymorpha. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 48868(T) formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Actinopolymorpha. Strain YIM 48868(T) could be differentiated from recognized species by means of phenotypic properties and the predominant menaquinones [MK-9(H(6)), MK-9(H(8)), MK-10(H(6)), MK-10(H(8))]. The DNA G+C content was 66.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain YIM 48868(T) and the type strains of A. singaporensis and A. rutila were 48.7% and 53.1%, respectively. These data, in combination with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrate that strain YIM 48868(T) represents a novel species in the genus Actinopolymorpha, for which the name Actinopolymorpha alba sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 48868(T) (=CCTCC AA 208030(T) =DSM 45243(T)).

Description: A Gram-positive, non-spore-forming actinomycete, designated strain CC 0387(T), was isolated from a sediment sample from the Baltic Sea, Germany. Classification using a polyphasic approach and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain CC 0387(T) belonged to the genus Promicromonospora and displayed more than 3% 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from all Promicromonospora species with validly published names. Strain CC 0387(T) did not produce aerial mycelium. Substrate mycelia were yellowish white to pale orange-yellow and fragmented into bacillary or coccoid elements. The cell wall contained lysine and alanine. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H-4) (86%). The G+C content of the DNA was 71.87 mol%. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genetic characteristics, strain CC 0387(T) (=CCTCC AA208024(T)=DSM 21481(T)) represents a novel species, for which the name Promicromonospora flava sp. nov. is proposed.

Description: A novel actinomycete, designated strain YIM 46034(T), was isolated from an evergreen broadleaved forest at Menghai, in southern Yunnan Province, China. Phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the family Micromanosporaceae. Strain YIM 46034(T) showed more than 3% 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from recognized species of genera in the family Micromonosporaceae. Characteristic features of strain YIM 46034(T) were the production of two types of spores, namely motile spores, which were formed in sporangia produced on substrate mycelia, and single globose spores, which were observed on short sporophores of the substrate mycelia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, arabinose and xylose, which are characteristic components of cell-wall chemotype 11 of actinomycetes. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major phospholipid (phospholipid type 11). Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genetic characteristics, strain YIM 46034(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Planosporangium flavigriseum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Planosporangium flavigriseum is YIM 46034(T) (=CCTCC AA 205013(T) =DSM 44991(T)).