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    Observations and theoretical studies of microwave emission from thin saline ice (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Time-dependent changes in microwave emissions from thin artificial and natural saline ices are reported. There is a sharp rise in surface temperature when ice is between 1 and 2 cm thick, apparently unrelated to any environmental changes. The brightness temperature Tb decreases at 37 GHz during or just after the surface temperature rise, and there is an initial increase in Tb with increasing ice thickness followed by substantial decreases at the higher studied frequencies. The maximum Tb values were higher than those previously reported for young ice. Tb was also found to be much more sensitive to variations in ice properties at horizontal polarization than at vertical polarization. The most likely explanation for the observed rise in surface temperature and decrease in Tb was the formation of a salinity-enhanced ice of brine surface layer caused by the upwards transport of brine as the ice grows.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; C5; p. 8531-8545.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Passive microwave remote sensing of thin sea ice using principal component analysis (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The possibility of developing a satellite-based sea-ice-concentration algorithm which solves for the presence of thinner ice is explored on the basis of time sequences of surface-based measurements of passive MW emission from growing saline ice reported by Wensnahan et al. (1993). It is shown that two classes of thinner ice can be distinguished from mixtures of open water, first-year ice, and multiyear ice. Newly formed ice appears to be optically thick at 37 and 90 GHz and has a relatively dry surface. The thin ice spectrum occurs when the ice is greater than 4 cm thick and appears to result from the accumulation of brine at the ice surface. Thin ice has a relatively stable spectrum characterized by high brightness temperatures, a near-zero spectral gradient at vertical polarization, and a large difference between vertical and horizontal polarizations. It is concluded that thin ice can be detected using satellite data.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; C7; p. 12,453-12,468.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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