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  • 1
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    Ionization states of low-energy cosmic rays - Results from Spacelab 3 cosmic-ray experiment (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Indian cosmic ray experiment Anuradha, conducted onboard Spacelab 3 during April 29-May 6, 1985 was designed to obtain information on the ionization states of low-energy cosmic rays, using the geomagnetic field as a rigidity filter to place an upper limit on the ionization state of individual cosmic ray particles. This paper presents data confirming the presence of three distinct groups of energetic particles in the near-earth space: (1) low-energy (15-25 MeV/nucleon) anomalous cosmic rays that are either singly ionized or consistent with their being in singly ionized state, (2) fully ionized galactic cosmic ray ions, and (3) partially ionized iron and sub-iron group ions (which account for about 20 percent of all the iron and sub-iron group ions detected at the Spacelab 3 orbit within the magnetosphere in the energy interval 25-125 MeV/nucleon). It is argued that these partially ionized heavy ions are indeed a part of the low-energy galactic cosmic rays present in the interplanetary space.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 411; 1; p. 418-430.
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  • 2
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    Interstellar propagation and electron capture processes of galactic cosmic ray heavy ions in space (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The new information on galactic cosmic rays (GCR) derived from the Spacelab-3 cosmic ray experiment 'Anuradha' shows that at 25-125 MeV/N GCR sub-iron and iron (Z = 21-28) particles consists of a mixture of partially ionized and fully ionized ions. Computation of electron capture and loss cross sections in hydrogen in 1-50 MeV/N energy range are made for Fe, Cr, Ti and Ni. From these it is concluded that: (1) these GCR particles must have captured orbital electrons at energies of about 1-5 MeV/N and (2) these particles are then reaccelerated to 300-500 MeV/N most probably in interstellar medium by collision with SNR shock fronts. Some reacceleration may take place also in heliospheric boundary region. It is suggested that these observations of partially ionized GCR ions of about 100 MeV/N in Spacelab-3 provide a direct evidence of reacceleration of GCR.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 15; 1; p. (1)51
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  • 3
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    Evolution of gas-rich meteorites: Clues from cosmogenic nuclides (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The evolution of gas-rich meteorites in general, and the setting in which the observed solar-wind, solar-flare irradiation records were imprinted in individual components of these meteorites are understood only in qualitative terms, although contrary viewpoints do exist. The regolith irradiation hypothesis, bolstered by the observations of irradiation features in lunar regolith materials, similar to those observed in gas-rich meteorites, is accepted by many workers in this field. However, a close analysis of the problem suggests that the regolith irradiation may not be the dominant mode in producing the observed precompaction irradiation features in the gas-rich meteorites.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on Cosmogenic Nuclides; 2 p
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  • 4
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    Precompaction irradiation effects: Particles from an early active sun? (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two recent studies have shown that solar flare irradiated grains from Murchison and Kapoeta have excess spallogenic Ne-21 compared to unirradiated grains, indicating large precompaction particle irradiation effects. The quantity of cosmogenic neon in these grains presents serious difficulties for either galactic cosmic ray or normal solar flare sources. In the first study it was suggested that the effect might be the result of exposure to an early active sun. The more recent experiment both confirms the earlier results and provides constraints on the characteristic energy spectrum on the irradiation. The first results were obtained from Murchison olivines and Kapoeta pyroxenes by mass spectrometric analysis of sets of grains selected on the basis of the presence or absence of solar flare particle tracks. In the second work plagioclase feldspar grains from Kapoeta were studied.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on Cosmogenic Nuclides; 2 p
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  • 5
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    Constraints on the nature of the ancient lunar magnetic field (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Assuming that the physical properties of solar-wind ions have remained unchanged over the past 4 billion years, the observation of solar-wind ions in lunar breccias with compaction ages greater than 3.2 billion years places constraints on the nature and origin of the ancient lunar magnetic field. Solar-wind ions would not be expected to occur in old lunar breccias if a surface magnetic field of more than 0.03 gauss was present. Several explanations of this phenomenon are consistent with the global lunar dynamo theory of the origin of the lunar dipole field, including a wandering of the lunar dipole axis, late onset of dynamo action, and reversals of the lunar dipole field, producing a long-term field close to zero. Models invoking external field magnetization as the cause of the ancient lunar magnetic field constrain the dipole axis, precluding field reversals, and do not provide an alternative explanation for the observed occurrence of solar-wind ions in lunar breccias.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 261; June 24
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  • 6
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    Grosnaja ABCs: Magnesium isotope compositions (1993)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Three CAI's from the Grosnaja CV3 chondrite were analyzed for their magnesium isotopic compositions by the ion microprobe. The selected CAI's represent three distinct types: GR4(compact Type A), GR7(Type B) and GR2(Type C). Petrographic studies indicate that all three Grosnaja inclusions were subjected to secondary alterations. The Type A CAI GR4 is primarily composed of melilite with spinel and pyroxene occurring as minor phases. The rim of the inclusion does not exhibit distinct layered structure and secondary alteration products (garnet, Fe-rich olivine and Na-rich plagioclase) are present in some localized areas near the rim region. The average major element compositions of different mineral phases in GR4 are given. Preliminary REE data suggest a depletion of HREE relative to LREE by about a factor of 3 without any clear indication of interelement fractionation. The CAI GR7 has textural and minerological characteristics similar to Type B inclusions. The REE data show a pattern that is similar to Group 6 with enrichment in Eu and Yb. In addition, a depletion of HREE compared to LREE is also evident in this object. Melilite composition shows a broad range of akermanite content (Ak(sub 15-55)). Detailed petrographic study is in progress. GR2 is a anorthite-rich Type C inclusion with large plagioclase laths intergrown with Ti-rich pyroxene. The average plagioclase composition is close to pure anorthite (An99).
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 549-550
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  • 7
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    IONS (ANURADHA): Ionization states of low energy cosmic rays (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: IONS (ANURADHA), the experimental payload designed specifically to determine the ionization states, flux, composition, energy spectra and arrival directions of low energy (10 to 100 MeV/amu) anomalous cosmic ray ions of helium to iron in near-Earth space, had a highly successful flight and operation Spacelab-3 mission. The experiment combines the accuracy of a highly sensitive CR-39 nuclear track detector with active components included in the payload to achieve the experimental objectives. Post-flight analysis of detector calibration pieces placed within the payload indicated no measurable changes in detector response due to its exposure in spacelab environment. Nuclear tracks produced by alpha-particles, oxygen group and Fe ions in low energy anomalous cosmic rays were identified. It is calculated that the main detector has recorded high quality events of about 10,000 alpha-particles and similar number of oxygen group and heavier ions of low energy cosmic rays.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab 3 Mission Science Review; p 64-74
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  • 8
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    Evidence in meteorites for an active early Sun (1985)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The amounts of neon-21 found in meteorite particles indicate that the Sun experienced a period of intense solar flare activity approximately 4.5 billion years ago.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. 16th Lunar and Planetary Sci. Conf.; p 6-8
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  • 9
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    Re-Examination of Al-26 - Mg-26 Systematics in the Piplia Kalan Eucrite (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Re-examination of Al-26 - Mg-26 systematics in the Piplia Kalan eucrite gives an initial Al-26/Al-27 = (2.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(exp -6).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; LPI-Contrib-1000
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  • 10
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    Size dependence of chondrule textural types (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Chrondrule textural types were studied for size sorted chondrules from the ordinary chondrites Dhajala, Eston and Chainpur and the CM chondrite Murchison. Aliquot samples from size sorted Dhajala chondrules were studied for their oxygen isotopic composition and chondrules from Weston were studied for their precompaction irradiation records by nuclear track technique. Correlations between chondrule textural types and oxygen isotope or track data were identified. A distinct dependence of chondrule textural type on chondrule size was evident in the data for both Dhajala and Weston chondrules. No significant deviation was noticed in the abundance pattern of nonporphyritic chondrules within individual size fractions in the 200 to 800 micron size interval. Overabundance is found of nonporphyritic chondrules in the 100 to 200 micron size fraction of Murchison chondrules, the trend is not as distinct for Chainpur chondrules. Two hundred microns is suggested as the cutoff size below which radiative cooling is extremely efficient during the chondrule forming process. It is suggested that this offers a possibility for use of physical and chemical characteristics of small chondrules to constrain the temperature history during the chondrule formation process.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Institute The 47th Ann. Meteoritical Soc. Meeting; 1 p
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