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  • 1
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    CDAW 7 revisited - Further evidence for the creation of a near-earth substorm neutral line (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Eastman et al. (1988) have interpreted the CDAW 7 substorm of April 24, 1979, previously taken as unambiguously supporting the near-earth neutral line model of magnetospheric substorms, in terms of spatial movements of a preexisting plasma-sheet boundary layer (PSBL) and its associated current sheets across the observing ISEE 1 and 2 spacercraft. It is presently noted that, by contrast, a reinvestigation of ISEE 1 and 2 energetic particle measurements around substorm onset on short time-scales shows the observed flux pattern to require the formation of a particle source eastward of the ISEE spacecraft, well within the plasma sheet, associated with the substorm onset. Strong flows were absent prior to substorm onset, indicating the temporal nature of the event, as opposed to an encounter with a preexisting PSBL containing large flows.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 12045-12
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  • 2
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    Study of the high-latitude, outer-zone boundary region for greater than or equal to 40-kev electrons with satellite Injun 3 (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High altitude outer radiation zone boundary region electron energy measurement by satellite Injun 3, noting angular distribution dependence on local time, latitude, etc
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 3
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    A small-scale plasmoid formed during the May 13, 1985, AMPTE magnetotail barium release (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Plasmoids are closed magnetic-loop structures with entrained hot plasma which are inferred to occur on large spatial scales in space plasma systems. A model is proposed here to explain the brightening and rapid tailward movement of the barium cloud released by the AMPTE IRM spacecraft on May 13, 1985. The model suggests that a small-scale plasmoid was formed due to a predicted development of heavy-ion-induced tearing in the thinned near-tail plasma sheet. Thus, a plasmoid may actually have been imaged due to the emissions of the entrained plasma ions within the plasma bubble.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 17084-17
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  • 4
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    Magnetotail energy storage and release during the CDAW 6 substorm analysis intervals (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The concept of the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) grew out of the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) program. According to this concept, data are to be pooled from a wide variety of spacecraft and ground-based sources for limited time intervals. These data are to provide the basis for the performance of very detailed correlative analyses, usually with fairly limited physical problems in mind. However, in the case of the CDAW 6 truly global goals are involved. The primary goal is to trace the flow of energy from the solar wind through the magnetosphere to its ultimate dissipation by substorm processes. The present investigation has the specific goal to examine the evidence for the storage of solar wind energy in the magnetotail prior to substorm expansion phase onsets. Of particular interest is the determination, in individual substorm cases, of the time delays between the loading of energy into the magnetospheric system and the subsequent unloading of this energy.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1205-121
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  • 5
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    On propagation direction of ring current proton ULF waves observed by ATS 6 at 6.6 R sub E (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: From June 11 to September 16, 1974, the NOAA low-energy proton detector on board the ATS 6 satellite observed 71 cases of ultralow-frequency oscillations of proton flux intensities. The oscillation periods varied from 40 s to 6 min, and the events were observed most frequently during moderate geomagnetic conditions. The flux oscillations occurred at various local times, yet almost two thirds of the events were detected in the near-dusk region of the magnetosphere. For a majority of the events in this set a substantial phase shift in flux oscillation was detected between different energy channels and/or between two oppositely oriented detector telescopes. The phase shift is mainly due to the finite gyroradius effect of the protons gyrating in the geomagnetic field. By examining this finite gyroradius effect on the perturbed particle distribution function associated with the wave in a nonuniform magnetic field, the propagation direction of the wave from particle observations made by a single spacecraft is determined
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; May 1
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  • 6
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    Energy spectra and pitch angle distributions of storm-time and substorm injected protons. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the energy spectra and pitch angle distributions of ring current protons observed with the solid-state proton detector of Explorer 45 during the main and fast recovery phases of a storm on Dec. 17, 1971. Appearances of characteristic changes in the pitch angle distributions of roughly 100-eV protons are interpreted as pitch angle dispersion of rapidly injected protons during their azimuthal drift at L values above 5.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 7
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    Time-average fluxes of heavy ions at the geostationary orbit (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of average proton, helium, carbon, and oxygen fluxes at 6.6 earth radii are reported. The data represent averages obtained on ATS 6 between June 15 and Oct. 3, 1974. The energy range covered was 0.36-1.1 MeV for protons and approximately 1-4 MeV for the heavier ions. The results indicate that above about 1 MeV the heavier ion fluxes dominate over the proton flux on the energy/ion scale. Using two different spectral dependencies to fit the data, the carbon to oxygen concentration ratio for energies above 1 MeV was found to be 0.43 for the power law spectrum and 0.44 for the exponential spectrum. Thus in either case the abundance ratio is consistent with the solar origin of the particles. Similarly, the helium to oxygen concentration ratio is found to be 0.17 for the power law spectrum and 0.28 for the exponential spectrum. This is inconsistent with the solar wind ratio, which is about 10. The results quoted above are based on a very small portion of the distribution function above 1 MeV.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Oct. 1
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  • 8
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    Protons as the prime contributors to storm time ring current (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Following a large sudden commencement on June 17, 1972, a large magnetic storm evolved, with a well-developed main phase and recovery phase. Explorer 45 (S3-A), with its apogee near 16 hours local time in June, measured the equatorial particle populations and magnetic field throughout this period. By use of data obtained during the symmetric recovery phase it is shown that through a series of self-consistent calculations, the measured protons, with energies from 1 to 872 keV, can account for almost all of the observed ring current magnetic effects within the limits of experimental uncertainties. This enables us to set an upper limit to the heavy ion contribution to the storm time ring current of a few percent of the proton contribution.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Sept. 1
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  • 9
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    Substorm-injected protons and electrons and the injection boundary model (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of observations of substorm-associated enhancements of proton and electron fluxes: (1) makes a strong case for the existence of a boundary limiting the regional particle injection associated with substorms, (2) supports the hypothesis that the injection process is almost instantaneous (less than approximately 5 min), and (3) indicates that the injection takes place within a large region extending at least several earth radii tailward of the injection boundary. The injection boundary model is superior to others in that it simultaneously explains: (1) the drift and energy dispersion of substorm-injected protons between 1 and 30 keV, (2) the relative behavior of protons with 81 deg and 27 deg pitch angles, (3) the absence of observed electrons below 30 keV, and (4) the time dispersion of impulsively injected electrons seen outside the plasmapause.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Feb. 1
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  • 10
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    Preserved signatures of ion flux modulations observed by ATS 6 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The considered investigation is concerned with a detailed analysis of the event of August 13, 1974. The considered day was a geomagnetically quiet day, and ATS 6 was stationed at 94 deg W longitude. On the basis of the conducted analysis it is found that the observed flux oscillations may be a fossil signature of flux modulations which have occurred in ions at an earlier time and at a region away from the spot of observation. In conclusion, it is pointed out that the August 13, 1974, and the January 23, 1975, events of proton flux oscillations observed by ATS 6 are of great importance. They reveal another unique capability of the drifting particles for preserving small modulation signatures imposed upon them during earlier wave-particle interactions. At the present, no conclusions are drawn as to what kind of the wave-particle interaction process was responsible for the observation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Dec. 1
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