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  • 1
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    Climate Induced Thermocline Aging and Ventilation in the Eastern Atlantic Over the Last 32,000 Years (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The radiocarbon analysis of uranium‐thorium‐dated cold‐water corals (CWCs) provides an excellent opportunity for qualitative reconstruction of past ocean circulation and water mass aging. While mid‐depth water mass aging has been studied in the Atlantic Ocean, the evolution of the thermocline is still largely unknown. Here we present a combined 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C and 〈sup〉230〈/sup〉Th/U age record obtained from thermocline dwelling CWCs at various sites in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, with intermittently centennial resolution over the last 32 ka. Shallow dwelling CWCs off Angola, located in the South Atlantic, infer a link between the mid‐depth equatorial Atlantic and Southern Ocean. They confirm a 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C drawdown during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and advocate for a consistent Southern Hemisphere radiocarbon aging of upper thermocline waters, as well as strong depth gradients and high variability. Direct comparison with 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉C simulations carried out with an Ocean General Circulation Model yield good agreement for Angola. In contrast, the North Atlantic thermocline shows well‐ventilated water with strong variations near the position of today's Azores Front (AF), neither of which are captured by the model. During the Bølling‐Allerød, we confirm the important role of the AF in separating North and South Atlantic thermocline waters and provide further evidence of a 500 year long deep convection interruption within the Younger Dryas (YD). We conclude that the North and South Atlantic thermocline waters were separately acting carbon reservoirs during the LGM and subsequent deglaciation until the modern circulation was established during the YD.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉North Atlantic cold‐water corals trace well‐ventilated thermocline waters near major oceanic fronts since the Last Glacial Maximum〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Across the South Atlantic into the Southern Ocean, aged waters with large variability and connectivity are evident during the last glacial〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The modern state of radiocarbon ventilation of the thermocline Atlantic is initiated during the Younger Dryas cold reversal〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: German Ministry of Education and Research
    Description: DFG‐ANR
    Description: PalMod project
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.959508
    Keywords: 14C dating ; 230Th/U dating ; Alboran Sea ; Angola ; Atlantic ; Azores Front ; Batm age ; cold-water coral ; Mauritania ; ventilation ; radiocarbon dating ; U/Th
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Li/Mg systematics in scleractinian corals: Calibration of the thermometer (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 132 . pp. 288-310.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-22
    Description: We show that the Li/Mg systematics of a large suite of aragonitic coral skeletons, representing a wide range of species inhabiting disparate environments, provides a robust proxy for ambient seawater temperature. The corals encompass both zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate species (Acropora sp., Porites sp., Cladocora caespitosa, Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata and Flabellum impensum) collected from shallow, intermediate, and deep-water habitats, as well as specimens cultured in tanks under temperature-controlled conditions. The Li/Mg ratios observed in corals from these diverse tropical, temperate, and deep-water environments are shown to be highly correlated with temperature, giving an exponential temperature relationship of: Li/Mg (mmol/mol) = 5.41 exp (−0.049 * T) (r2 = 0.975, n = 49). Based on the standard error of the Li/Mg versus temperature correlation, we obtain a typical precision of ±0.9 °C for the wide range of species analysed, similar or better than that of other less robust coral temperature proxies such as Sr/Ca ratios. The robustness and species independent character of the Li/Mg temperature proxy is shown to be the result of the normalization of Li to Mg, effectively eliminating the precipitation efficiency component such that temperature remains as the main controller of coral Li/Mg compositions. This is inferred from analysis of corresponding Li/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios with both ratios showing strong microstructure-related co-variations between the fibrous aragonite and centres of calcification, a characteristic that we attribute to varying physiological controls on growth rate. Furthermore, Li/Ca ratios show an offset between more rapidly growing zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate corals, and hence only an approximately inverse relationship to seawater temperature. Mg/Ca ratios show very strong physiological controls on growth rate but no significant dependence with temperature, except possibly for Acropora sp. and Porites sp. A strong positive correlation is nevertheless found between Li/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios at similar temperatures, indicating that both Li and Mg are subject to control by similar growth mechanisms, specifically the mass fraction of aragonite precipitated during calcification, which is shown to be consistent with a Rayleigh-based elemental fractionation model. The highly coherent array defined by Li/Mg versus temperature is thus largely independent of coral calcification mechanisms, with the strong temperature dependence reflecting the greater sensitivity of the KdLi/Ca partition coefficient relative to KdMg/Ca. Accordingly, Li/Mg ratios exhibit a highly coherent exponential correlation with temperature, thereby providing a more robust tool for reconstructing paleo-seawater temperatures.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Nd isotopes in deep-sea corals in the North-eastern Atlantic (2010)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 29 (19-20). pp. 2499-2508.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-21
    Description: Neodymium (Nd) concentrations and isotopic signatures of living and fossil deep-sea coral species Lophelia pertusa, Desmophyllum dianthus and Madrepora oculata from the northeast Atlantic Ocean have been investigated in order to test the ability of deep-sea corals to reconstruct the seawater Nd isotopic signature and past changes of ocean circulation in the eastern North Atlantic. Small quantities of Nd—less than 45 ng/g—are incorporated into the aragonite skeleton of living deep-sea corals that dwell at upper intermediate depths throughout the Northeast Atlantic. Rigorous cleaning techniques are needed in order to avoid Nd contamination from manganese-oxide and iron hydroxide coatings. Moreover, Nd isotopic compositions have been measured using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) by Nd-oxide method. Our data indicate that the isotopic signatures of modern corals are similar to those of adjacent water masses, implying that deep-sea corals can serve as an archive of the seawater Nd isotopic compositions in the past. The first results from few fully-cleaned fossils corals collected within the Porcupine Seabight and the southwest Rockall Bank reveal significantly higher εNd for corals dated between 150 ± 40 and 3060 ± 90 yrs than those of the living corals located in similar areas. This suggests rapid hydrological variations along the eastern margin of the North Atlantic Ocean at intermediate water depth with higher contribution of the Mediterranean Overflow Waters (MOW) or other temperate Atlantic mid-depth water masses (ENACW or NAC) in the past.
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  • 4
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    Sedimentation patterns on a cold-water coral mound off Mauritania (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 99 . pp. 307-315.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Highlights: • Cold-water coral mound formation is mainly influenced by the baffling of fine grained material within a coral framework. • Mass wasting appears to be an important mound progradation process. • Even heavily reworked sediments contain valuable information on the original mound aggradation processes. Abstract: An unconformity-bound glacial sequence (135 cm thick) of a coral-bearing sediment core collected from the flank of a cold-water coral mound in the Banda Mound Province off Mauritania was analysed. In order to study the relation between coral framework growth and its filling by hemipelagic sediments, U-series dates obtained from the cold-water coral species Lophelia pertusa were compared to 14C dates of planktonic foraminifera of the surrounding matrix sediments. The coral ages, ranging from 45.1 to 32.3 ka BP, exhibit no clear depositional trend, while on the other hand the 14C dates of the matrix sediment provide ages within a much narrower time window of 〈3000 yrs (34.6–31.8 cal ka BP), corresponding to the latest phase of the coral growth period. In addition, high-resolution computer tomography data revealed a subdivision of the investigated sediment package into three distinct parts, defined by the portion and fragmentation of corals and associated macrofauna as well as in the density of the matrix sediments. Grain size spectra obtained on the matrix sediments show a homogeneous pattern throughout the core sediment package, with minor variations. These features are interpreted as indicators of redeposition. Based on the observed structures and the dating results, the sediments were interpreted as deposits of a mass wasting event, namely a debris flow. During this event, the sediment unit must have been entirely mixed; resulting in averaging of the foraminifera ages from the whole unit and giving randomly distributed coral ages. In this context, for the first time mass wasting is proposed to be a substantial process of mound progradation by exporting material from the mound top to the flanks. Hence, it may not only be an erosional feature but also widening the base of the mound, thus allowing further vertical mound growth.
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  • 5
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    Cold-water coral habitats in the Penmarc'h and Guilvinec Canyons (Bay of Biscay): Deep-water versus shallow-water settings (2011)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 282 (1-2). pp. 40-52.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-10
    Description: In 1948, Le Danois reported for the first time the occurrence of living cold-water coral reefs, the so-called “massifs coralliens”, along the European Atlantic continental margin. In 2008, a cruise with R/V Belgica was set out to re-investigate these cold-water corals in the Penmarc'h and Guilvinec Canyons along the Gascogne margin of the Bay of Biscay. During this cruise, an area of 560 km2 was studied using multibeam swath bathymetry, CTD casts, ROV observations and USBL-guided boxcoring. Based on the multibeam data and the ROV video imagery, two different cold-water coral reef settings were distinguished. In water depths ranging from 260 to 350 m, mini mounds up to 5 m high, covered by dead cold-water coral rubble, were observed. In between these mounds, soft sediment with a patchy distribution of gravel was recognised. The second setting (350–950 m) features hard substrates with cracks, spurs, cliffs and overhangs. In water depths of 700 to 950 m, both living and dead cold-water corals occur. Occasionally, they form dense coral patches with a diameter of about 10–60 m, characterised by mostly stacked dead coral rubble and a few living specimens. U/Th datings indicate a shift in cold-water coral growth after the Late Glacial Maximum (about 11.5 ka BP) from shallow to deep-water settings. The living cold-water corals from the deeper area occur in a water density (sigma–theta) of 27.35–27.55 kg m− 3, suggested to be a prerequisite for the growth and distribution of cold-water coral reefs along the northern Atlantic margin. In contrast, the dead cold-water coral fragments in the shallow area occur in a density range of 27.15–27.20 kg m− 3 which is slightly outside the density range where living cold-water corals normally occur. The presented data suggest that this prerequisite is also valid for coral growth in the deeper canyons (〉 350 m) in the Bay of Biscay.
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  • 6
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    GEOTRACES intercalibration of neodymium isotopes and rare earth element concentrations in seawater and suspended particles. Part 1: reproducibility of results for the international intercomparison (2012)
    American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 10 . pp. 234-251.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-15
    Description: One of the key activities during the initial phase of the international GEOTRACES program was an extensive international intercalibration effort, to ensure that results for a range of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) from different cruises and from different laboratories can be compared in a meaningful way. Here we present the results from the intercalibration efforts on neodymium isotopes and rare earth elements in seawater and marine particles. Fifteen different laboratories reported results for dissolved 143Nd/144Nd ratios in seawater at three different locations (BATS 15 m, BATS 2000 m, SAFe 3000 m), with an overall agreement within 47 to 57 ppm (2σ standard deviation of the mean). A similar agreement was found for analyses of an unknown pure Nd standard solution carried out by 13 laboratories (56 ppm), indicating that mass spectrometry is the main variable in achieving accurate and precise Nd isotope ratios. Overall, this result is very satisfactory, as the achieved precision is a factor of 40 better than the range of Nd isotopic compositions observed in the global ocean. Intercalibration for dissolved rare earth element concentrations (REEs) by six laboratories for two water depths at BATS yielded a reproducibility of 15% or better for all REE except Ce, which seems to be the most blank-sensitive REE. Neodymium concentrations from 12 laboratories show an agreement within 9%, reflecting the best currently possible reproducibility. Results for Nd isotopic compositions and REE concentrations on marine particles are inconclusive, and should be revisited in the future.
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  • 7
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    Extracting foraminiferal seawater Nd isotope signatures from bulk deep sea sediment by chemical leaching (2016)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 439 . pp. 189-204.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The seawater radiogenic neodymium (143Nd/144Nd) isotope signature is an invaluable tool for the reconstruction of past deep water provenance. Sedimentary foraminifera or fish teeth are among the most reliable archives known for Nd isotope based reconstructions of past seawater. As the distribution and preservation of these archives are limited, the extraction of hydrogenetic ferromanganese oxyhydroxides from bulk sediments provide an easily applicable alternative. This method, however, implies the risk of generating artefacts due to the possible release of non-seawater derived Nd during the extraction procedure. Here we revisit and further investigate the reliability of the extraction of seawater derived Nd isotope signatures via leaching of bulk deep sea sediments with two commonly used buffered acetic acid and acid-reductive mix solutions. Repeated application of such stepwise leaching procedures to different non-decarbonated sediments from distinct settings across the deep Atlantic Ocean shows pronounced elemental and Nd isotope trends during the leaching process in the laboratory. Our results show that seawater Nd isotope compositions are extracted together with carbonates and manganese oxides only at the beginning of the leaching series. During chemical extraction, the carbonates effectively work as a buffer preventing acid-induced mobilisation of Fe oxides and volcanogenic material. Once this buffer is consumed, potentially present volcanogenic phases are considerably attacked, leading to shifts in the extracted Nd isotope signal of up to + 12 epsilon units. Such volcanogenic phases are a significant source of contaminant Nd reflected by markedly elevated Al/Nd signatures. We consequently propose a revised weak leaching protocol for carbonate bearing deep sea sediments, which is simple to use, provides excellent agreement with data obtained from uncleaned foraminifera, and can be easily screened for contamination.
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  • 8
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    Glacial cold-water coral growth in the Gulf of Cádiz: Implications of increased palaeo-productivity (2010)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 298 (3-4). pp. 405-416.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: A set of 40 Uranium-series datings obtained on the reef-forming scleractinian cold-water corals Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata revealed that during the past 400 kyr their occurrence in the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) was almost exclusively restricted to glacial periods. This result strengthens the outcomes of former studies that coral growth in the temperate NE Atlantic encompassing the French, Iberian and Moroccan margins dominated during glacial periods, whereas in the higher latitudes (Irish and Norwegian margins) extended coral growth prevailed during interglacial periods. Thus it appears that the biogeographical limits for sustained cold-water coral growth along the NE Atlantic margin are strongly related to climate change. By focussing on the last glacial-interglacial cycle, this study shows that palaeo-productivity was increased during the last glacial. This was likely driven by the fertilisation effect of an increased input of aeolian dust and locally intensified upwelling. After the Younger Dryas cold event, the input of aeolian dust and productivity significantly decreased concurrent with an increase in water temperatures in the GoC. This primarily resulted in reduced food availability and caused a widespread demise of the formerly thriving coral ecosystems. Moreover, these climate induced changes most likely caused a latitudinal shift of areas with optimum coral growth conditions towards the northern NE Atlantic where more suitable environmental conditions established with the onset of the Holocene.
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  • 9
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    Synchronous and proportional deglacial changes in Atlantic meridional overturning and northeast Brazilian precipitation (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Paleoceanography, 32 (6). pp. 622-633.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Changes in heat transport associated with fluctuations in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are widely considered to affect the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), but the temporal immediacy of this teleconnection has to date not been resolved. Based on a high‐resolution marine sediment sequence over the last deglaciation, we provide evidence for a synchronous and near‐linear link between changes in the Atlantic interhemispheric sea surface temperature difference and continental precipitation over northeast Brazil. The tight coupling between AMOC strength, sea surface temperature difference, and precipitation changes over northeast Brazil unambiguously points to a rapid and proportional adjustment of the ITCZ location to past changes in the Atlantic meridional heat transport.
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  • 10
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    How the climate shapes stalagmites—A comparative study of model and speleothem at the Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-08
    Description: Understanding how stalagmites grow under changing climate conditions is of great significance for their application as a paleoclimate archive. In this study, we present a shape modeling approach to stalagmite growth by combining three existing models accounting for climate variables, karst water chemistry, and speleothem deposition. The combined model requires only four input parameters: calcium concentration of the water drop, drip interval, cave temperature, and cave carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Using the output of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–land surface model MPI-ESM1.2 and the CaveCalc model for speleothem chemistry, we simulated stalagmite growth at Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey, (in the last 25 kyr) and compared the results to those of the existing So-1 stalagmite from the same cave. This approach allows simulating, completely independent of measured boundary conditions, a stalagmite geometry that follows the trend of the experimental data for the growth rate, with input parameters within the respective error ranges. When testing the sensitivity of the individual model parameters, the model suggests that the stalagmite radius mainly depends on the drip interval, whereas the growth rate is driven by the calcium concentration of the water drop. The model is also capable of showing some basic phenomena, like a decrease in growth rate (as observed in the real stalagmite), as CO2 concentration in the cave increases. The coupling of input parameters for the model to climate models represents the first attempt to understand an important climate archive in its shape and isotope content and opens the possibility for a new inverse approach to paleoclimate variables and model constraints.
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