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  • Other Sources  (7)
  • 1
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    Lidar-measured winds from space: A key component for weather and climate prediction (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The deployment of a space-based Doppler lidar would provide information that is fundamental to advancing the understanding and prediction of weather and climate. This paper reviews the concepts of wind measurement by Doppler lidar, highlights the results of some observing system simulation experiments with lidar winds, and discusses the important advances in earth system science anticipated with lidar winds. Observing system simulation experiments, conducted using two different general circulation models, have shown (1) that there is a significant improvement in the forecast accuracy over the Southern Hemisphere and tropical oceans resulting from the assimilation of simulated satellite wind data, and (2) that wind data are significantly more effective than temperature or moisture data in controlling analysis error. Because accurate wind observations are currently almost entirely unavailable for the vast majority of tropical cyclones worldwide, lidar winds have the potential to substan- tially improve tropical cyclone forecasts. Similarly, to improve water vapor flux divergence calculations, a direct measure of the ageostrophic wind is needed since the present level of uncer- tainty cannot be reduced with better temperature and moisture soundings alone.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 76; 6; p. 869-888
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Simulations of satellite Doppler wind observations (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: This study will involve two objectives: (1) to develop, through computer simulations, optimal satellite-based sensor scanning techniques for direct measurement of tropospheric winds on the meso- and synoptic scales; and (2) to construct simulations of remotely measured wind fields for assessing impact of such fields on the diagnosis and prognosis of atmospheric phenomena through the use of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE). Using the LAWS Simulation Model (LSM), various global coverage scenarios have been investigated as part of an effort to define the optimal orbit, configuration and sampling strategies for observations of winds for use in global circulation models. Simulated data sets have been provided to GSFC, FSU and several LAWS team members. Particular emphasis has been on providing realistic cloud cover, cirrus backscatter, aerosol distribution and wind variance on scales less than 600 km. Progress is currently being made to incorporate other remote sensors (AIRS/AMSU, STIKSCAT) into the global OSSEs.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY92 Earth Science and Applications Program Research Review; p 117-118
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    EOS Laser Atmosphere Wind Sounder (LAWS) investigation (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The related activities of the contract are outlined for the first year. These include: (1) attend team member meetings; (2) support EOS Project with science related activities; (3) prepare and Execution Phase plan; and (4) support LAWS and EOSDIS related work. Attached to the report is an appendix, 'LAWS Algorithm Development and Evaluation Laboratory (LADEL)'. Also attached is a copy of a proposal to the NASA EOS for 'LAWS Sampling Strategies and Wind Computation Algorithms -- Storm-Top Divergence Studies. Volume I: Investigation and Technical Plan, Data Plan, Computer Facilities Plan, Management Plan.'
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-193445 , NAS 1.26:193445
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Doppler Lidar for Wind Measurements on Venus (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA Langley Research Center has a long history of developing 2-micron laser transmitter for wind sensing. With support from NASA Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) and Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), NASA Langley Research Center has developed a state-of-the-art compact lidar transceiver for a pulsed coherent Doppler lidar system for wind measurement. The transmitter portion of the transceiver employs the high-pulse-energy, Ho:Tm:LuLiF, partially conductively cooled laser technology developed at NASA Langley. The transceiver is capable of 250 mJ pulses at 10 Hz. It is very similar to the technology envisioned for coherent Doppler lidar wind measurements from Earth and Mars orbit. The transceiver is coupled to the large optics and data acquisition system in the NASA Langley VALIDAR mobile trailer. The large optics consists of a 15-cm off-axis beam expanding telescope, and a full-hemispheric scanner. Vertical and horizontal vector winds are measured, as well as relative backscatter. The data acquisition system employs frequency domain velocity estimation and pulse accumulation. It permits real-time display of the processed winds and archival of all data. This lidar system was recently deployed at Howard University facility in Beltsville, Mary-land, along with other wind lidar systems. Coherent Doppler wind lidar ground-based wind measurements and comparisons with other sensors will be presented. A simulation and data product for wind measurement at Venus will be presented.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: NF1676L-11224 , 2010 VEXAG International Workshop; Aug 30, 2010 - Sep 02, 2010; Madison, WI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Optimal nadir scan angle for a space-based Doppler lidar wind sounder (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder computer simulation model was used to conduct a series of trades between scan angle and accuracy/coverage to determine the optimal scan angle for a space-based Doppler lidar wind sounder. Attention is given to vertical backscatter profiles, advanced signal processing, pulse length, shot density, and vertical velocity variance. The LOS speed uncertainty (m/s) projected into the horizontal plane as a function of the nadir scan angle for a single laser shot into the upper troposphere and lowest 1 km of the earth's atmosphere for expected backscatter values is shown.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentations; Jan 14, 1991 - Jan 18, 1991; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Lidar Measurements of Wind and Cloud Around Venus from an Orbiting or Floating/flying Platform (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Given the presence of clouds and haze in the upper portion of the Venus atmosphere, it is reasonable to consider a Doppler wind lidar (DWL) for making remote measurements of the 3-dimensional winds within the tops of clouds and the overlying haze layer. Assuming an orbit altitude of 250 kilometers and cloud tops at 60 kilometers (within the upper cloud layer), an initial performance assessment of an orbiting DWL was made using a numerical instrument and atmospheres model developed for both Earth and Mars. It is reasonable to expect vertical profiles of the 3-dimensional wind speed with 1 kilometer vertical resolution and horizontal spacing of 25 kilometers to several 100 kilometers depending upon the desired integration times. These profiles would begin somewhere just below the tops of the highest clouds and extend into the overlying haze layer to some to-be-determined height. Getting multiple layers of cloud returns is also possible with no negative impact on velocity measurement accuracy. The knowledge and expertise for developing coherent Doppler wind lidar technologies and techniques, for Earth related mission at NASA Langley Research Center is being leveraged to develop an appropriate system suitable for wind measurement around Venus. We are considering a fiber-laser-based lidar system of high efficiency and smaller size and advancing the technology level to meet the requirements for DWL system for Venus from an orbiting or floating/flying platform. This presentation will describe the concept, simulation and technology development plan for wind and cloud measurements on Venus.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: NF1676L-21181 , Venus Science Priorities for Laboratory Measurements and Instrument Definition Workshop; Apr 07, 2015 - Apr 08, 2015; Hampton, Va; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Wind measurements with a ship-based theodolite : an error analysis (1981)
    Bornträger
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-27
    Description: Tracking a balloon with a single ship-based theodolite, is a method which has been used for a long time to determine the wind profile over the sea. There are two main sources of error: (a) the incorrect estimate of the height of the balloon and (b) the pitch and roll motions of the ship. In this paper the effects of both errors are investigated. The ship's motion is simulated with use of a transformation from a fixed (earth) to a moving (ship) coordinate system. Some examples are presented to illustrate the magnitude of these effects.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
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