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  • 1
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    Uranus - The planet, rings and satellites (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The present overview of available data regarding Uranus and its planetary structures encompasses ground- and space-based observations of the planet with specific attention given to the interpretation of Voyager 2 data. A brief examination of historical observations is given which includes its discovery, position determination, and the related discoveries of Uranus' five large satellites and rings. The observational data preceding the Voyager 2 mission are reviewed in terms of the planetary interior, atmosphere, and magnetosphere. The Voyager 2 mission is given detailed treatment with descriptions of NASA's development and deployment of the spacecraft as well as detailed data from the Uranus encounter. Reference is given to structure and composition of Uranus' atmosphere, valid models of the interior, and wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere. The structures of the rings and satellites are examined with reference to specific observational requirements from future missions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 2
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    Telescience from NASA planetary spacecraft (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-13
    Description: Techniques reasonably classified as 'telescience' in NASA missions are discussed. The first interplanetary probe, Mariner 2, was launched towards Venus nearly 30 years ago. Since that time, NASA has successfully completed missions to Mercury (Mariner 10), Venus (Mariners 5 and 10, Pioneers 12 and 13, Galileo, and Magellan), Mars (Mariners 4, 6, 7, and 9, and Vikings 1 and 2), Jupiter (Pioneers 10 and 11, Voyagers 1 and 2, and the approaching Galileo), Saturn (Pioneer 11, Voyagers 1 and 2, and the planned Cassini), Uranus (Voyager 2), and Neptune (Voyager 2). Missions to asteroids (Galileo, CRAF, and Cassini), and to a comet (CRAF) are presently being prepared or underway. Procedures have to be adapted to permit the latest possible updating of the planned observational sequences, to counteract the effects of a 492 minute round trip light time, and to provide automatic fault sensing and correction. Special emphasis is placed on those used for the Voyager encounter with Neptune in Aug. 1989.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: ESA, Telescience for Space Experimentation in the Fields of Space Science, Life, Materials and Fluid Sciences and Earth and Environmental Sciences; p 67-74
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  • 3
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    What's new, Voyager: The discoveries continue (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The twin Voyager spacecraft, launched nearly two decades ago, continue to operate and are now searching for the edge of our solar system, the heliopause. Voyager's giant-planet flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have provided data that are likely to remain the definitive data set for the foreseeable future and have led to many ongoing discoveries. As the spacecraft move toward the heliopause, they are also providing data on the structure of the heliosphere. This article discusses the discoveries resulting from the flyby and heliosphere data that have been made within the past five years.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Planetary Report (ISSN 0736-3680); 15; 4; p. 4-9
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  • 4
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    Voyager's last encounter (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Preliminary results from Voyager's encounter with Neptune are reviewed. The major events of the encounter are listed and the data on the atmosphere, magnetosphere, and ring-arc region of Neptune are discussed. The communications and photographical techniques used in the mission are examined. In addition, a search for Neptune satellites is considered.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Sky and Telescope (ISSN 0037-6604); 78; 26-29
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  • 5
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    Small-signal mixing and harmonic generation in thin magnetic films (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Harmonic generation and small signal mixing in thin magnetic films subjected to static and time varying fields, generating output voltage expressions
    Keywords: PHYSICS, SOLID-STATE
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 6
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    A close-up view of Triton (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Triton, the only large moon in the solar system with a retrograde motion, is investigated. The moon rotates about Neptune every 5.88 days and its annual cycle lasts 165 years. The orbit of Triton is 355,000 km from Neptune and it is inclined 23 deg relative to Neptune's equator. The precession of its orbital plane causes complications in its seasonal progression. Triton has a radius of 1353 km and a density of 2.07 gm/cu cm. Triton is believed to have a core of rock surrounded by water ice and a surface veneer of methane and nitrogen ice. The bright haze in its atmosphere could be small grains of particulates. Triton's surface features suggest that the moon should have remained molten until about 1 billion years ago. In order to explain the active geyser-like plumes observed near the subsolar latitude of about 50 deg south, various mechanisms are suggested including explosive escape of nitrogen gas, surface winds, and buoyancy of warmer gas. Voyager 2, which left Neptune and Triton in August 1989 and is now moving out of the solar system, is expected to provide the first glimpses of interstellar material.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth in Space (ISSN 1040-3124); 3; 10-14
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  • 7
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    Voyager 2's encounter with the gas giants (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The findings made by Voyager 2 as it passed by the gas giants are reviewed. The unexpected problems that had to be overcome during the mission, including receiver failure and scan platform problems, are described. The scientific instrumentation aboard Voyager is briefly examined, and the major types of Voyager scientific investigations and principal investigators are listed. The scientific findings regarding the atmospheres, thermal properties, electromagnetic environments, ring systems, satellite surfaces, body properties, and bulk properties are examined.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Physics Today (ISSN 0031-9228); 43; 40-47
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  • 8
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    The Uranian system - An overview (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results of many years of observations from the ground and from the Voyager encounter with Venus are presented which clarify a number of issues that were subjects of speculation or partial information. The new issues that the encounter brought to light are outlined. The encounter revealed additional rings, extensive dust associated with them, and complexities, including azimuthal asymmetries. Uranus possesses a strong (about 1 gauss) magnetic field with a bizarre geometry that can be described as a dipole offset 0.3 RU from the center of the planet and tilted approximately 60 deg with respect to the axis of rotation. It is argued that it is produced by a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo at about 0.4 RU from the planet's center. It is inferred from this that at least part of the interior is a convective fluid, indicating an adiabatic temperature profile and a warm interior. The magnetic field produces a magnetosphere with some peculiar characteristics, owing to the unique orientation of the dipole axis with respect to the direction of the solar wind flow.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 9
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    Calculations of molecular ionization energies using a self-consistent-charge Hartree-Fock-Slater method (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A numerical-variational method for performing self-consistent molecular calculations in the Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) model is presented. Molecular wavefunctions are expanded in terms of basis sets constructed from numerical HFS solutions of selected one-center atomlike problems. Binding energies and wavefunctions for the molecules are generated using a discrete variational method for a given molecular potential. In the self-consistent-charge (SCC) approximation to the complete self-consistent-field (SCF) method, results of a Mulliken population analysis of the molecular eigenfunctions are used in each iteration to produce 'atomic' occupation numbers. The simplest SCC potential is then obtained from overlapping spherical atomlike charge distributions. Molecular ionization energies are calculated using the transition-state procedure; results are given for CO, H2O, H2S, AlCl, InCl, and the Ni5O surface complex. Agreement between experimental and theoretical ionization energies for the free-molecule valence levels is generally within 1 eV. The simple SCC procedure gives a reasonably good approximation to the molecular potential, as shown by comparison with experiment, and with complete SCF calculations for CO, H2O, and H2S.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Chemical Physics; 65; Nov. 1
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  • 10
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    Molecular cluster theory for chemisorption of first row atoms on nickel /100/ surfaces (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Slater molecular cluster models for the chemisorption of first-row atoms on Ni(100) surfaces are presented. Energy levels and ground-state charge distributions are given for XNi5 clusters with the adatom X = H, C, N, O located in C4V symmetry at a fixed height of 2.0 au above the surface. The variation of properties with height was studied in detail for the case of oxygen. Theoretical results compare rather well with experimental photoelectron and energy-loss data. Local-densities-of-states diagrams are used to clarify the interaction between adsorbate levels and metal conduction bands.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: Surface Science; 58; 2, Au; Aug. 197
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