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  • 1
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    Unknown
    In:  J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Amsterdam, Univ. Tokyo, vol. 75, no. 3-4, pp. 819-825, pp. 2152, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismology ; NOISE ; T phase ; Nuclear explosion
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: Overcoat protection schemes for thin film devices have typically focused on inhibiting the growth of native oxides formed on the sensor surface, rather than on improving the passivating nature of these native oxides. Here, thin sputtered Cr overcoats and heat treatments in varying oxygen partial pressures enhanced the passivating nature of native Cr203 films formed on PdCr thin film strain gages. Results of strain tests using sensors protected using this approach are presented and the implications are discussed. PdCr gages with sputtered Cr overcoats withstood 12,000 dynamic strain cycles of 1100 micro-epsilon during 100 hours of testing at a temperature of 1000 C in air. Gage factors of 1.3 with drift rates as low as 0.1 Omega/hr were achieved for devices having a nominal resistance of approximately 100 Omega's. TCR's ranging from +550 ppm/C to +798 ppm/C were realized depending on the overcoat and thermal history. Possible mechanisms for an anomaly in the electrical characteristics of these films at 800 C and improvements in stability due to the use of overcoats are presented.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Radioactivity induced in detector materials and their immediate surroundings is the major source of discrete-line, gamma-ray background and an important source of continuum background in the performance of remote-sensing, gamma-ray spectroscopy of planetary bodies. In interplanetary space the dominant sources of particles are cosmic rays and their secondaries arising from interactions with the spacecraft and the surface of the target body. In addition, certain future gamma-ray astronomy missions, such as INTEGRAL, are to be located so as to perform their observations in interplanetary space rather than in the traditional low earth orbits. Such location removes contributions from the earth's atmosphere and inner radiation belt at the expense of increased exposure to cosmic rays and solar particle events. Accurate prediction of the activation of key materials by cosmic rays is of the utmost importance for detector design and data interpretation.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: Conference on the High Energy Radiation Background in Space; 43-46; NASA-CP-3353
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The crystal activation experiment consisted of two sample packages that were flown in the command module and returned to earth for analysis of the radioactivity induced in them during the flight. The objective of the experiment was to define the background caused by detector activation that interferes when gamma radiation is measured in the 0.02- to 10-megaelectronvolt range from earth orbit. Preliminary results show that the activation of the NaI(Tl) crystal was a factor of 3 below that from a similar measurement on Apollo 17. The identification of certain species and the level of activation observed show an important contribution from the interactions of thermal and energetic neutrons produced as secondaries in the spacecraft. That the activation was reduced by only a factor of 3 compared with the Apollo 17 experiment, despite the geomagnetically shielded orbit, possibly indicates more efficient secondary neutron production by the more energetic cosmic rays.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 10 p
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The system of an astrometric telescope on the Space Station and its support by the Station are described and its feasibility demonstrated. The conceptual design shows that such a facility provides a basis for the study of design alternatives and a point of departure for a detailed design. Basic requirements for this preliminary design are outlined.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 177; 1-2,
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results are reported of a search during 1988 and 1990 for optical pulses from lightning on the Venus nightside using the star sensor aboard the Pioneer Venus Orbiter. No optical evidence for lightning activity is found. These searches covered a much larger latitude range than any previous search. The results show that the Beta and Phoebe Regio areas previously identified by Russell et al. (1988) as areas with high rates of lightning activity were not active during the two seasons of the present observations. The results imply that the global flash rate and energy dissipation rate derived by Krasnopol'sky (1983) from observations of a single storm are too high. Experimental measurements performed to determine the amount of scattering occurring in the star scanner optics indicate that a previously determined upper bound to lightning activity is too low.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 11
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The evolution of the Astrometric Telescope Facility (ATF) proposed for use on NASA's Space Station is traced and its design characteristics are presented. With a focal plane scale of 12.7 arcsec/mm, the strawman design has a field size of 10 sq arcmin and a limiting visual magnitude fainter than 16. Output from an observation includes the X and Y coordinates of each star and its relative brightness.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 177; 1-2,
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Modular component computational algorithm for sequential least squares estimation /filtering/ with process noise for straightforward computer code conversion
    Keywords: COMPUTERS
    Type: ; HYSICAL PROCESSES IN
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Newton-Raphson function space algorithm for optimizing control systems with discontinuities and terminal constraints, discussing spacecraft examples
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Trapped photon and cosmic ray effects on spallation in the UK-5 (hard X ray telescope) central crystal were measured. Both low dose and high dose effects were considered. Decay results are presented in tables.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Gamma-Ray Astrophys.; p 83-96
    Format: text
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