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  • 1
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    A numerical evaluation of TIROS-N and NOAA-6 analyses in a high resolution limited area model (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Vertical temperature profiles derived from TIROS-N and NOAA-6 radiance measurements were used to create separate analyses for the period 0000 GMT 6 January to 0000 GMT 7 January 1980. The 0000 GMT 6 January satellite analyses and a conventional analysis were used to initialize and run the University of Wisconsin's version of the Australian Region Primitive Equations model. Forecasts based on conventional analyses were used to evaluate the forecasts based only on satellite upper air data. The forecasts based only on TIROS-N or NOAA-6 data did reasonably well in locating the main trough and ridge positions. The satellite initial analyses and forecasts revealed errors correlated to the synoptic situation. The trough in both TIROS-N and NOAA-6 forecasts which was initially too warm remained too warm as it propagated eastward during the forecast period. Thus, it is unlikely that the operational satellite data will improve forecasts in a data dense region. However, in regions of poor data coverage, the satellite data should have a beneficial effect on numerical forecasts.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Optimum Employment of Satellite Indirect Soundings as Numerical Model Input; p 82-108
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    An evaluation of soundings, analyses and model forecasts derived from TIROS-N and NOAA-6 satellite data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: TIROS-N and NOAA-6 temperature soundings over North America during three days in January 1980, and synoptic analyses and numerical-model forecasts derived from them, are compared with conventional data and analyses from NMC's limited-area fine-mesh model (LFM). The collocated sounding comparison revealed significant errors, especially near the surface and the tropopause. Satellite-derived thermal gradients were found to be weak, and thickness-analysis difference fields to propagate eastward, suggesting that sounding errors are correlated with synoptic patterns. The same pattern of anomalies is seen in the model forecasts. More detailed determinations of the correlation detected here could be used to optimize the assimilation of satellite soundings to conventional data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 111; March 19
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Optimum employment of satellite indirect soundings as numerical model input (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The characteristics of satellite-derived temperature soundings that would significantly affect their use as input for numerical weather prediction models were examined. Independent evaluations of satellite soundings were emphasized to better define error characteristics. Results of a Nimbus-6 sounding study reveal an underestimation of the strength of synoptic scale troughs and ridges, and associated gradients in isobaric height and temperature fields. The most significant errors occurred near the Earth's surface and the tropopause. Soundings from the TIROS-N and NOAA-6 satellites were also evaluated. Results again showed an underestimation of upper level trough amplitudes leading to weaker thermal gradient depictions in satellite-only fields. These errors show a definite correlation to the synoptic flow patterns. In a satellite-only analysis used to initialize a numerical model forecast, it was found that these synoptically correlated errors were retained in the forecast sequence.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-168509
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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