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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Recent work aimed at determining the absolute rovibrational transition intensities for the ground electronic state of the hydroxyl radical is reviewed. Two new sets of Fourier transform emission spectra of OH are described which were recorded at the University of Paris and at the Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); 48; 5-6; p. 667-673.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The influence of spaceflight on the oxidative burst of neutrophils is not known. The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of antiorthostatic suspension, a ground-based modeling system designed to simulate certain aspects of weightlessness that occur after spaceflight, on the capacity of rat neutrophils to express the oxidative burst, an important host defense mechanism against microbial pathogens. Rats were suspended in whole body harnesses in the antiorthostatic orientation for a 3- or 7-day period. Control rats were suspended orthostatically or allowed to remain in vivarium cages without the attachment of any suspension materials. After suspension, peripheral blood was harvested and neutrophils were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The enriched neutrophil preparations were stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine and phorbol myristic acid to induce the oxidative burst. It was found that neutrophils isolated from suspended animals released the same levels of superoxide anion as did vivarium control animals that were not suspended, indicating that whole body suspension did not alter this aspect of rat neutrophil function.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); Volume 76; 1; 387-90
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: During a recent flight of a Russian satellite (Cosmos #2229), initial experiments examining the effects of space flight on immunologic responses of rhesus monkeys were performed to gain insight into the effect of space flight on resistance to infection. Experiments were performed on tissue samples taken from the monkeys before and immediately after flight. Additional samples were obtained approximately 1 month after flight for a postflight restraint study. Two types of experiments were carried out throughout this study. The first experiment determined the ability of leukocytes to produce interleukin-1 and to express interleukin-2 receptors. The second experiment examined the responsiveness of rhesus bone marrow cells to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Human reagents that cross-reacted with monkey tissue were utilized for the bulk of the studies. Results from both studies indicated that there were changes in immunologic function attributable to space flight. Interleukin-1 production and the expression of interleukin-2 receptors was decreased after space flight. Bone marrow cells from flight monkeys showed a significant decrease in their response to GM-CSF compared with the response of bone marrow cells from nonflight control monkeys. These results suggest that the rhesus monkey may be a useful surrogate for humans in future studies that examine the effect of space flight on immune response, particularly when conditions do not readily permit human study.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research (ISSN 1079-9907); Volume 16; 5; 409-15
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hypergravity exposure (2g) with those of exposure to space flight in the Cosmos 2044 flight. To do so, rats were centrifuged continuously for 14 days. Two different experiments were carried out on tissue obtained from the centrifuged rats. In the first experiment, rat bone marrow cells were examined for their response to recombinant murine colony stimulating factor-granulocyte/monocyte (GM-CSF). In the second experiment, rat spleen and bone marrow cells were stained in with a variety of antibodies directed against cell surface antigenic markers. These cells were preserved and analyzed on a flow cytometer. The results of the studies indicated that bone marrow cells from centrifuged rats showed no significant change in response to GM-CSF as compared to bone marrow cells from control rats. Spleen cells from flown rats showed some statistically significant changes in leukocytes subset distribution, but no differences that appeared to be of biological significance. These results indicate that hypergravity did not greatly affect the same immunological parameters affected by space flight in the Cosmos 2044 mission.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Microgravity science and technology (ISSN 0938-0108); Volume 7; 4; 323-6
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Sonic boom in near field and far field of nonlifting rectangular wing
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: 3D CONF. ON SONIC BOOM RES. 1971; P 219-226
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Sonic boom cusped shock wave near focusing ray system of supersonic wing flow field
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: 3D CONF. ON SONIC BOOM RES. 1971; P 133-146
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Flow field approximation for sonic boom shock wave generation by thin nonlifting rectangular wing
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: 3D CONF. ON SONIC BOOM RES. 1971; P 123-132
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: An apparatus for experimental research into unsteady transonic flows is described. The apparatus, as installed in the NASA-Ames 11 by 11 Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel, can impart full two-degree-of-freedom motions at reduced frequencies to 0.3, oscillatory amplitudes to tn-2 degs, mean angles to 12 degs, Mach numbers to 1.4 and Reynolds numbers to 12x10. The test wing is fully instrumented for dynamic waveform measurements and the data can be acquired, processed, and displayed in real-time with a new computational data acquisition system. Following a description of the apparatus, sample data from a recently completed test program is presented.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Technol. Airfoil Res., Vol. 1, Pt. 2; p 671-688
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The linear-stability theory of plane stagnation-point flow against an infinite flat plate is re-examined. Disturbances are generalized from those of Goertler type to include other types of variations along the plate. It is shown that Hiemenz flow is linearly stable and that the Goertler-type modes are those that decay slowest. This work then rationalizes the use of such self-similar disturbances on Hiemenz flow and shows how questions of disturbance structure can be approached on other self-similar flows.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics (ISSN 0033-5614); 44; 135-146
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Mullins and Sekerka (1964) showed for fixed temperature gradient that the planar interface is linearly stable for all pulling speeds V above some critical value, the absolute stability limit. Near this limit, where solidification rates are rapid, the assumption of local equilibrium at the interface may be violated. Here, nonequilibrium effects are incorporated into a linear stability analysis of the planar front by allowing the segregation coefficient and interface temperature to depend on V in a thermodynamically consistent way. The absolute stability limit of the cellular mode is modified. A new oscillatory state is formed which, in the absence of latent heat, has a critical wavenumber of zero; by itself this instability would lead to the formation of solute bands in the solid. This mode has its own absolute-stability limit determined by solute trapping and kinetics. Under certain conditions, there exists a window of stability above the steady absolute-stability boundary and below the oscillatory-stability boundary; here the planar segregation-free state is restabilized.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Acta Metallurgica et Materialia (ISSN 0956-7151); 38; 2683-269
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