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  • 1
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    Strategic Planning for Exploration of the Martian Subsurface (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Exploration of the upper 2-5 km of the martian crust (i.e. the portion that we can realistically envision physically accessing) is a tantalizing prospect. This may provide our best opportunity to advance the three current objectives of the Mars exploration program: Life, Climate, and Resources, with a common theme of water.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 1; 13-14; LPI-Contrib-1062
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Constraints, Approach and Present Status for Selecting the Mars Surveyor 2001 Landing Site (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: There are many similarities between the Mars Surveyor '01 (MS '01) landing site selection process and that of Mars Pathfinder. The selection process includes two parallel activities in which engineers define and refine the capabilities of the spacecraft through design, testing and modeling and scientists define a set of landing site constraints based on the spacecraft design and landing scenario. As for Pathfinder, the safety of the site is without question the single most important factor, for the simple reason that failure to land safely yields no science and exposes the mission and program to considerable risk. The selection process must be thorough, defensible and capable of surviving multiple withering reviews similar to the Pathfinder decision. On Pathfinder, this was accomplished by attempting to understand the surface properties of sites using available remote sensing data sets and models based on them. Science objectives are factored into the selection process only after the safety of the site is validated. Finally, as for Pathfinder, the selection process is being done in an open environment with multiple opportunities for community involvement including open workshops, with education and outreach opportunities.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration; 38-40; LPI-Contrib-991
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  • 3
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    How to Access and Sample the Deep Subsurface of Mars (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: We are developing a technology roadmap to support a series of Mars lander missions aimed at successively deeper and more comprehensive explorations of the Martian subsurface. The proposed mission sequence is outlined. Key to this approach is development of a drilling and sampling technology robust and flexible enough to successfully penetrate the presently unknown subsurface geology and structure. Martian environmental conditions, mission constraints of power and mass and a requirement for a high degree of automation all limit applicability of many proven terrestrial drilling technologies. Planetary protection and bioscience objectives further complicate selection of candidate systems. Nevertheless, recent advances in drilling technologies for the oil & gas, mining, underground utility and other specialty drilling industries convinces us that it will be possible to meet science and operational objectives of Mars subsurface exploration.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 1; 31-32; LPI-Contrib-1062
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  • 4
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    Use of Vertical Lift Planetary Aerial Vehicles for the Exploration of Mars (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Despite the thin, cold, carbon dioxide-based atmosphere of Mars, recent work at NASA Ames has suggested that vertical lift (based on rotary-wing technology) planetary aerial vehicles could potentially be developed to support Mars exploration missions. The use of robotic vertical lift planetary aerial vehicles (VL PAVs) would greatly augment the science return potential of Mars exploration. Many technical challenges exist in the development of vertical lift vehicles for planetary exploration. It only takes the realization that the world altitude record for a helicopter is less than 40,000 feet (versus flight at the equivalent terrestrial altitude of over 100,000 feet required to match Mars' surface atmospheric density) to appreciate the aeronautical challenges in developing these vehicles. Nonetheless, preliminary work undertaken at NASA Ames and others suggest that these vehicles are indeed viable candidates for Mars exploration.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 2; 323-324; LPI-Contrib-1062-Pt-2
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  • 5
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    A Virtual Collaborative Environment for Mars Surveyor Landing Site Studies (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Over the past year and a half, the Center for Mars Exploration (CMEX) at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) has been working with the Mars Surveyor Project Office at JPL to promote interactions among the planetary community and to coordinate landing site activities for the Mars Surveyor Project Office. To date, CMEX has been responsible for organizing the first two Mars Surveyor Landing Site workshops, web-archiving resulting information from these workshops, aiding in science evaluations of candidate landing sites, and serving as a liaison between the community and the Project. Most recently, CMEX has also been working with information technologists at Ames to develop a state-of-the-art collaborative web site environment to foster interaction of interested members of the planetary community with the Mars Surveyor Program and the Project Office. The web site will continue to evolve over the next several years as new tools and features are added to support the ongoing Mars Surveyor missions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Second Mars Surveyor Landing Site Workshop; 47-48
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  • 6
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    Television experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The fixed and variable Martian features investigated by the TV experiment on Mariner 9 are described. Articles are presented concerning the dust storm of October to November over the Southern Hemisphere; global surface geodesy and cartography; geology; and the satellite astronomy.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 63-70
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  • 7
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    Mars atmosphere during the Mariner 9 Extended Mission - Television results. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Extended Mission of Mariner 9 provided data from 23 revolutions and recorded seasonal changes in the atmosphere of Mars during northern spring and early summer. The visibility of the surface was exceptional, indicating atmospheric clarity greater than that previously observed by Mariner 9 or by Mariner 6 and 7. Cloud systems were observed over both polar regions and indicated westerly winds in the -45 to -65 deg latitude zone (southern winter) and easterly winds in the vicinity of +75 deg (northern summer). The puzzling brightening phenomena that recur seasonally and diurnally over Tharsis, Amazonis, and Nix Olympica were seen to be clouds of a generally diffuse character but with some indications of convective activity. These clouds show a remarkable degree of topographic control, and their large-scale patterns are closely duplicated from day to day.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; July 10
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  • 8
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    The Martian atmosphere - Mariner 9 television experiment progress report. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Atmospheric phenomena appearing in the Mariner 9 television pictures are discussed in detail. The surface of the planet was heavily obscured by a global dust storm during the first month in orbit. Brightness data during this period can be fitted by a semi-infinite scattering and absorbing atmosphere model with a single-scattering albedo in the range 0.70-0.85. This low value suggests that the mean radius of the particles responsible for the obscuration was at least 10 microns. By the end of the second month, this dust storm had largely dissipated, leaving a residual optical depth of about 0.1. Much of the region north of 45 deg N was covered by variable clouds comprising the north polar hood.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 9
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    North polar region of Mars - Imaging results from Viking 2 (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: During October 1976, the Viking 2 orbiter acquired approximately 700 high-resolution images of the north polar region of Mars. These images confirm the existence at the north pole of extensive layered deposits largely covered over with deposits of perennial ice. An unconformity within the layered deposits suggests a complex history of climate change during their time of deposition. A pole-girdling accumulation of dunes composed of very dark materials is revealed by the Viking cameras. The entire region is devoid of fresh impact craters. Rapid rates of erosion or deposition are implied. A scenario for polar geological evolution, involving two types of climate change, is proposed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 194; Dec. 17
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Voyager imaging experiment (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Voyager imaging experiment, which involves two independently operated television systems (a narrow- and a wide-angle camera), is designed to conduct investigations of the atmospheres and surface properties of Jupiter, Saturn, their satellites and Saturn's rings. Objects of the investigations include the horizontal and vertical structure of visible clouds, the vertical structure of high, optically thin scattering layers on Jupiter and Saturn, the Great Red Spot, the South Equatorial Belt, chromophores on Io and Titan, the geology of several satellites, the masses, spin axes and periods of rotation of several satellites, the radial distribution of material in Saturn's rings, and the optical scattering properties of the primaries, rings, and satellites at a variety of wavelengths and phase angles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 21; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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