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  • 1
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    The influence of IMF on the lower ionosphere plasma in high and middle latitudes (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: As shown by ground-based absorption measurements, the lower ionospheric plasma is markedly controlled by the structure of the IMF. Whereas in high auroral and subauroral latitudes this effect is very pronounced, in midlatitudes its influence is less important. A comparison of these results with satellite data of the IMF and the solar wind speed confirms the important role of these components, not only during special events but also for the normal state of the ionospheric D region plasma.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 29. Part 1: Extended Abstracts, International Symposium on Solar Activity Forcing of the Middle Atmosphere. Part 2: MASH Workshop, Williamsburg, 1986; p 196-202
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Dependence of the High Latitude Middle Atmosphere Ionization on Structures in Interplanetary Space (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The precipitation of high energetic electrons during and after strong geomagnetic storms into heights below 100 km in middle and subauroral latitudes is markedly modulated by the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Under relative quiet conditions the D-region ionization caused by high energetic particle precipitation (energies greater than 20 to 50 keV) depends on changes of the interplanetary magnetic field and also on the velocity of the solar wind. To test this assumption, the influence of the IMF-sector boundary crossings on ionospheric absorption data of high and middle latitudes by the superposed-epoch method was investigated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 10; p 200-204
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Improvement of scanning radiometer performance by digital reference averaging (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Most radiometers utilize a calibration technique in which measurements of a known reference are subtracted from measurements of an unknown source so that common-mode bias errors are cancelled. When a radiometer is scanned over a varying scene, it produces a sequence of outputs, each being proportional to the difference between the reference and the corresponding input. A reference averaging technique is presented that employs a simple digital algorithm which exploits the asymmetry between the time-variable scene inputs and the nominally constant reference input by averaging many reference measurements to decrease the statistical uncertainty in the reference value. This algorithm is, therefore, optimized by an asymmetric chopping sequence in which the scene is viewed for more than one-half of the duty cycle (unlike the analog Dicke technique). Reference averaging algorithms are well within the capabilities of small microprocessors. Although this paper develops the technique for microwave radiometry, it may be beneficial for any system which measures a large number of unknowns relative to a known reference in the presence of slowly varying common-mode errors.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement; IM-28; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Summary of studies for a solar optical telescope in space: 1968-1976 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The primary objective of this review is to tabulate the basic recommendations of several solar telescope studies. A primary matrix, listing some of the basic optical parameters, was compiled and forms the basis for a table. From this table it is apparent that a strong consensus exists on the configuration of the telescope and on its fundamental dimensionless parameters. Other tables presented in this document address the basic approach of each study to the telescope design as well as to the design of critical subsystems. These subsystem problems include the material, coating, configuration, mounting, launch locks, and thermal control of the primary mirror, the structure of the main telescope and the instrument bay, the mechanisms for radiation rejection, thermal control, and meteoroid shielding, and methods of maintaining image quality by proper alignment and by image motion compensation.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-156745
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    A compendium of millimeter wave propagation studies performed by NASA (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Key millimeter wave propagation experiments and analytical results were summarized. The experiments were performed with the Ats-5, Ats-6 and Comstar satellites, radars, radiometers and rain gage networks. Analytic models were developed for extrapolation of experimental results to frequencies, locations, and communications systems.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-CR-156781
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Sterilizable wide angle gas bearing gyro FGG334S Progress report, 1 Jul. 1968 - 1 Jan. 1969 (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sterilizable wide angle gas bearing gyro FGG334S
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-100213 , JPL-20584-PR8
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Sterilizable wide angle gas bearing gyro FGG334S Quarterly progress report, 1 Apr. - 1 Jul. 1968 (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Development of sterilizable wide angle gas bearing gyroscope
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-96134 , REPT.-20584-QR7 , QPR-7
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  • 8
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    The design and build of a gas bearing gyroscope possessing high G and sterilization capability and utilizing a low power gas bearing spinmotor and high frequency pump Quarterly progress report, 1 Apr. - 30 Jun. 1968 (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Preliminary assembly and initial test results of gas bearing gyroscope with high-g and sterilization capabilities
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-95978 , REPT.-20660-QR6
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    The design and build of a gas bearing gyroscope possessing high-G and sterilization capability and utilizing a low-power gas bearing spinmotor and high-frequency pump Final report (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Gas bearing gyroscope possessing high G and sterilization capability, utilizing low power spinmotor and high frequency pump
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-73647 , FR-20660-FR-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Baffle design for earth radiation rejection in the Cryogenic Limb-Scanning Interferometer/Radiometer (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Cryogenic Limb-Scanning Interferometer/Radiometer (CLIR) is being developed to observe infrared emissions of the earth's upper atmosphere from space. The earth's surface is an extended source of intense background radiation with a small angular separation from the desired scene. The CLIR employs an off-axis Gregorian Telescope whose primary mirror and baffles are cooled by an open-cycle cryogen system. A system of specular annular baffles has been developed to minimize both stray light problems and cryogen consumption by retro-mapping the aperture into itself. Each off-axis ray which enters the aperture and strikes the specular baffle surface is reflected so that it passes out of the aperture and is not absorbed on a cryogenic surface. The specular baffle which lies closest to the aperture is an ellipsoid whose foci trace out the circular aperture on revolution about the axis. Its theoretical 'ray trace' efficiency is 100 percent. A subsequent baffle has an elliptical cross section whose near focus traces out the central hole in the ellipsoidal baffle and whose far focus traces out the aperture. Its theoretical efficiency is about 90 percent. These baffles reduce the earth radiation heat load on the cryogenic cooler by an order of magnitude, changing it from the dominant cause of cryogen consumption to a relatively small effect. An aperture shield is also desirable to reduce cryogen consumption, stray light, and contamination.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Seminar on Cryogenically cooled sensor technology; Jul 29, 1980 - Jul 30, 1980; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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