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  • Weitere Quellen  (14)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (14)
  • Mitochondria
  • J NO 2
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  • 1
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    Meridional distributions of NO(X), NO(Y), and other species in the lower statosphere and upper troposphere during AASE 2 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The meridional distribution of NO(x) in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere is inferred form 10 flights of the NASA DC-8 in the northern winter of 1992 along with like distributions of NO(y), NO(x)/NO(y), CO, and C2Cl4. In the lowest few km of the stratosphere there is little vertical gradient in NO(x) over the range of latitiudes measured (40 deg-90 deg N). There is a substantial latitudinal gradient, with 50 pptv above the pole and 120 pptv near 40 deg N. In the uppermost few km of the troposphere, background values range from 30 pptv over the pole to 90 pptv near 40 deg N. On two occasions higher values, up to 140 pptv in the mean, were seen 2-3 km below the tropopause in association with frontal systems. The meridional distributions of CO and C2Cl4 show the same feature, suggesting that the source of the elevated NO(x) is near the earth's system.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 23; p. 2583-2586
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  • 2
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    Aircraft measurements of NO(x) over the eastern Pacific and continental United States and implications for ozone production (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results are reported from airborne measurements of NO, NO2, O3, and CO obtained in the free troposphere (FT) and boundary layer (BL) over the western U.S. and eastern Pacific during the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 2 (CITE 2) in summer 1986. The aircraft instrumentation and the CITE 2 flight protocols are described, and the results are presented in extensive tables and graphs. Over the ocean the median mixing ratios for NO and NO2 were found to be 4.0 and 10.4 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), respectively, in the BL and 12.4 and 18.0 pptv in the FT; the corresponding values over land were 34.5 and 75.0 pptv in the BL and 13.0 and 36.0 pptv in the FT. in continental air masses. NO(x) is shown to be positively correlated with O3 and CO and negatively correlated with dewpoint over the ocean, whereas over land NO(x) was positively correlated with O3, CO, and dewpoint.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10205-10
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  • 3
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    Peroxyacetyl nitrate measurements during CITE 2 - Atmospheric distribution and precursor relationships (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results are reported from airborne PAN measurements obtained at altitudes 0-6 km over the continental U.S. and the eastern Pacific during the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 2 (CITE 2) in summer 1986. The CITE 2 flights and instrumentation are described, and the results are presented in extensive graphs and characterized in detail. It is shown that PAN is an important reactive N-containing species in the troposphere. Although the PAN mixing ratios were highly variable, in general high mixing ratios of 100-300 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) were found at 4-6 km, and very low ratios (5-20 pptv) were detected in the marine boundary layer. Good correlation was seen between the CITE 2 PAN values and those for O3, NO(y), NO(x), HNO3, C2H6, CO, and CFCl3.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10163-10
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  • 4
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    Ratios of peroxyacetyl nitrate to active nitrogen observed during aircraft flights over the eastern Pacific Ocean and continental United States (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10179-10
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  • 5
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    An intercomparison of results from ferrous sulphate and photolytic converter techniques for measurements of NO(x) made during the NASA GTE/CITE 1 aircraft program (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Two techniques designed for measurements of NO(x (NO + NO2) were intercompared during aircraft flights made in the spring of 1984 in the middle free troposphere over the eastern Pacific Ocean and southwestern U.S. One NO chemiluminescence instrument was equipped with a ferrous sulphate converter, another with a photolytic converter. The ferrous sulphate-equipped instrument was apparently much less specific for NO2. It registered levels about three times larger than the photolytic converter and gave NO2/NO ratios that were much larger than photochemical calculations would indicate as reasonable. Additionally, the results imply that active NO(x) was only 10-20 percent of the total odd nitrogen in the middle free troposphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 15803-15
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  • 6
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    An intercomparison of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl measurement techniques - Overview of results (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Results from an intercomparison of methods to measure carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and the hydroxyl radical (OH) are discussed. The intercomparison was conducted at Wallops Island, Virginia, in July 1983 and included a laser differential absorption and three grab sample/gas chromatograph methods for CO, a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two chemiluminescence methods for NO, and two LIF methods and a radiocarbon tracer method for OH. The intercomparison was conducted as a field measurement program involving ambient measurements of CO (150-300 ppbv) and NO (10-180 pptv) from a common manifold with controlled injection of CO in incremental steps from 20 to 500 ppbv and NO in steps from 10 to 220 pptv. Only ambient measurements of OH were made. The agreement between the techniques was on the order of 14 percent for CO and 17 percent for NO. Hardware difficulties during the OH tests resulted in a data base with insufficient data and uncertanties too large to permit a meaningful intercomposition.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11819-11
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  • 7
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    Measurements of nitric oxide in the boundary layer and free troposphere over the Pacific Ocean (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Measurements of NO and O3 are presented from 13 aircraft flights made over the Pacific Ocean in the autumn of 1983 during one phase of the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment. All of the flights were made between 15 deg and 42 deg N and from the coast of California to west of the Hawaiian Islands. Within the upper marine boundary layer the median daytime mixing ratio of NO was near 1 part per trillion by volume (pptv). Values of NO less than 10 pptv were often observed up to altitudes near 6 km. Thus for the location and season of the measurements, a net photochemical destruction of O3 would be anticipated for the boundary layer region and to altitudes of 2-3 km. At higher altitudes of 7-11 km in the free troposphere, larger mixing ratios and greater variability were usually observed for NO. Both features are consistent with observed examples of injection of NO and O3 from the lower stratosphere and with the injection of NO from towering, electrically active, cumulonimbus clouds.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2025-204
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Measurements of NO(x) over the eastern Pacific Ocean and southwestern United States during the spring 1984 NASA GTE aircraft program (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Measurements of NO, NO(x) (NO + NO2), O3, and CO are presented from seven aircraft flights made over the eastern Pacific Ocean and the southwestern United States in spring of 1984. The sampling region was characterized by large- and small-scale variability for all of the measurements, likely as a result of vigorous synoptic scale meteorology and the influence of tropopause folds. Median values for NO, NO(x), O3, and CO from the flights made over the ocean in the region of 5.8-7.6 km were 10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), 32 pptv, 46 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), and 120 ppbv, respectively. Corresponding values from two flights made over the continent at similar altitudes were 16 pptv, 38 pptv, 42 ppbv, and 111 ppbv. There was a strong tendency for NO or NO(x) to be correlated positively with O3 and to be anticorrelated with dew-point/frost-point measurements. No significant overall correlation occurred between NO(x) and CO for the ocean data. The variability of NO(x) was such that regions of net destruction and regions of net production of O(3) were sampled both over the ocean and over the continent. However, in the middle free troposphere over the ocean, net O(3) destruction was predominant.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 5043-506
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  • 9
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    Nitric oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere as measured in SITU from an aircraft (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-27
    Beschreibung: As part of the instrument evaluation plan for the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program, prototype instruments were tested aboard the NASA Convair 990 during four flights in January and February of 1974. All the data were taken in maritime air between Hawaii and San Francisco and between Hawaii and 155 deg W, 35 deg N. A chemiluminescent instrument was used to measure nitric oxide. Water vapor, which was measured by using an aluminum oxide hygrometer, ranged from 5.2 micro g/g to saturation. Ozone was measured by an instrument using the ultraviolet absorption technique and ranged up to 235 ppbv. Typical temporal plots of the concentrations of the three constituents are presented. All the constituents showed considerable spatial and day-to-day variation in concentration at each altitude flown. Measurements of the three constituents were made simultaneously at various altitudes between 7.6 and 12.5 km.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-X-3174 , E-8077
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Airborne measurements of total reactive odd nitrogen (NO(y)) (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Airborne total reactive odd nitrogen measurements were made during August and September 1986 over the continental United States and off the west coast over the Pacific Ocean during NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment/Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 2 program. Measurements were made in the marine and continental boundary layer and the free troposphere up to 6.1 km altitude. NO(y) mixing ratios between 24 pptv and more than 1 ppbv were found, with median values of 101 pptv in the marine boundary layer, 298 pptv in the marine free troposphere, and 288 pptv in the continental free troposphere, respectively. The marine troposphere exhibited layered structure which was also seen in the simultaneously measured ozone mixing ratio and dew point temperature. The averaged vertical NO(y) profile over the ocean does not show a distinct gradient. The NO(y) mixing ratio over the continent decreases with increasing altitude. The latter is consistent with our understanding that the continents are the major source region for these gases.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D9, J; 9833-985
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