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  • Other Sources  (9)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1
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    High latitude currents in the 0600 to 0900 MLT sector - Observations from Viking and DMSP-F7 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: High-resolution magnetic field and charged-particle data acquired on March 25, 1986 by the Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, as they traversed the dawn sector auroral zone on nearly antiparallel trajectories within 40 min of each oher, are analyzed. Magnetic field measurements by Viking at 0850 MLT and by DMSP at 0630 MLT indicate the presence of a large-scale earthward-directed region 1 Birkeland current and an upward-flowing region 2 current. Both satellites also observed a third Birkeland current adjacent to and poleward of the region 1 system with opposite flow. This poleward system is about 0.5 deg invariant latitude wide and has a current density comparable to the region 1 and 2 systems. The highest-latitude current is identified as region 0. Its charged-particle signatures were used to infer field line mapping to the equatorial plane.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 14; 423-426
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  • 2
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    Working group written presentation: Trapped radiation effects (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The results of the Trapped Radiation Effects Panel for the Space Environmental Effects on Materials Workshop are presented. The needs of the space community for new data regarding effects of the space environment on materials, including electronics are listed. A series of questions asked of each of the panels at the workshop are addressed. Areas of research which should be pursued to satisfy the requirements for better knowledge of the environment and better understanding of the effects of the energetic charged particle environment on new materials and advanced electronics technology are suggested.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA(SDIO Space Environmental Effects on Materials Workshop, Part 2; p 597-605
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  • 3
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    Average and worst-case specifications of precipitating auroral electron environment (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The precipitation electrons in the auroral environment are highly variable in their energy and intensity in both space and time. As such they are a source of potential hazard to the operation of the Space Shuttle and other large spacecraft operating in polar orbit. In order to assess these hazards both the average and extreme states of the precipitating electrons must be determined. Work aimed at such a specification is presented. First results of a global study of the average characteristics are presented. In this study the high latitude region was divided into spatial elements in magnetic local time and corrected geomagnetic latitude. The average electron spectrum was then determined in each spatial element for seven different levels of activity as measured by K sub p using an extremely large data set of auroral observations. Second a case study of an extreme auroral electron environment is presented, in which the electrons are accelerated through field aligned potential as high as 30,000 volts and in which the spacecraft is seen to charge negatively to a potential approaching .5 kilovolts.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Spacecraft Environ. Interactions Technol., 1983; p 131-153
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  • 4
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    Charging of DMSP/F6 spacecraft in aurora on 10 January 1983 (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Spacecraft charging has been widely observed in geosynchronous orbit on the ATS-5 and ATS-6 pair and on the SCATHA spacecraft. An adequate theory for explaining the observations exist. Neither the data or theory can be exported to low polar orbit and its drastically different environment. Evidence of charging on the DMSP F6 spacecraft is presented. A simple model is set up explaining the observations. Two independent instruments on the spacecraft showed charging to a moderate (44 volts) negative potential. The selection spectrometer showed a flux of 2 billion electrons per sq. cm. sec. ster. peaked at 9.5 keV. This was marginally sufficient to overcome the flux of cold ambient ions. Charging calculations are presented showing where simplications are justified and where serious uncertainties exist. More serious charging is predicted for the Shuttle in polar orbit.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Spacecraft Environ. Interactions Technol., 1983; p 125-130
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  • 5
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    Direct measurements of severe spacecraft charging in auroral ionosphere (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Questions are addressed concerning how large space structures in polar orbit will interact with auroral environments. Because spacecraft charging at ionospheric attitudes does not seriously threaten the operation of today's relatively small polar satellites the subject of environment interactions has not received the widespread attention given to it at geostationary altitude. As a matter of economics it is desirable to apply as much as possible of what was learned about spacecraft interactions at geostationary orbit to low Earth orbits. The environment at auroral latitudes in the ionosphere differs from that encountered at geostationary altitude in at least two major aspects. (1) There is a large reservoir of high-density, cold plasma which tends to mitigate charging effects by providing a large source of charged particles from which neutralizing currents maybe drawn. Significant wake effects behind large structures will introduce new problems with differential charging. (2) Between the magnetic equator and the ionosphere, auroral electrons frequently undergo field-aligned accelerations of several kilovolts. In such environments, fluxes of energetic protons are usually below the levels of instrumentation sensitivity.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Spacecraft Environ. Interactions Technol., 1983; p 109-123
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  • 6
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    A comparison of precipitating electron energy flux on March 22, 1979 with an empirical model - CDAW 6 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data recorded by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Tiros and P-78-1 satellites for the CDAW 6 event on March 22, 1979, have been compared with a statistical model of precipitating electron fluxes. Comparisons have been made on both an orbit-by-orbit basis and on a global basis by sorting and binning the data by AE index, invariant latitude, and magnetic local time in a manner similar to which the model was generated. It is concluded that the model flux agrees with the data to within a factor of two, although small features and the exact locations of features are not consistently reproduced. In addition, the latitude of highest electron precipitation usually occurs about 3 deg more poleward in the model than in the data. This discrepancy is attributed to ring current inflation of the storm time magnetosphere.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: AD-A153866 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 2727-273
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  • 7
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    Rocket measurements within a polar cap arc - Plasma, particle, and electric circuit parameters (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Results are presented from the Polar Ionospheric Irregularities Experiment (PIIE), conducted from Sondrestrom, Greenland, on March 15, 1985, designed for an investigation of processes which lead to the generation of small-scale (less than 1 km) ionospheric irregularities within polar-cap F-layer auroras. An instrumented rocket was launched into a polar cap F layer aurora to measure energetic electron flux, plasma, and electric circuit parameters of a sun-aligned arc, coordinated with simultaneous measurements from the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar and the AFGL Airborne Ionospheric Observatory. Results indicated the existence of two different generation mechanisms on the dawnside and duskside of the arc. On the duskside, parameters are suggestive of an interchange process, while on the dawnside, fluctuation parameters are consistent with a velocity shear instability.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A214008 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 6692-671
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  • 8
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    SCATHA survey of high-level spacecraft charging in sunlight (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The statistical occurrence of spacecraft charging at near-geosynchronous orbit in daylight is studied with reference to results of an experiment conducted on the SCATHA satellite. In particular, it is found that: (1) the external current that creates high negative satellite frame potentials is the high-energy electron current from the electron population with energies greater than about 30 keV; (2) the electron current to the satellite from particles with energies less than about 30 keV neither drives the frame potential nor provides the current to balance the high-energy populations; and (3) the ion current provided from the entire range of measured ions is also not the primary source of the balancing current.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AD-A165444 , AFGL-TR-86-0057 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 1474-149
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  • 9
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    On calculating ionospheric conductances from the flux and energy of precipitating electrons (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Auroral zone conductances can be estimated from the energy flux and average energy of precipitating electrons. Revised expressions are presented that relate height-integrated Hall and Pedersen conductance to the flux and average energy of a Maxwellian. It is shown that the accuracy of this method depends on the minimum and maximum energy within which the distribution is integrated to get the energy flux and average energy. It is also confirmed that the conductances produced by some of the more common auroral spectral distributions are similar to those produced by a Maxwellian with the same average energy and energy flux. The application of these results is demonstrated using precipitating electron measurements made by the Hilat satellite during a pass over Greenland.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A180362 , AFGL-TR-87-0152 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2565-256
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