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  • 1
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    Spectrally Dependent CLARREO Infrared Spectrometer Calibration Requirement for Climate Change Detection (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-11
    Description: Detecting climate trends of atmospheric temperature, moisture, cloud, and surface temperature requires accurately calibrated satellite instruments such as the Climate Absolute Radiance and Reflectivity Observatory (CLARREO). Wielicki et al. have studied the CLARREO measurement requirements for achieving climate change accuracy goals in orbit. Our study further quantifies the spectrally dependent IR instrument calibration requirement for detecting trends of atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles. The temperature, water vapor, and surface skin temperature variability and the associated correlation time are derived using Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data. The results are further validated using climate model simulation results. With the derived natural variability as the reference, the calibration requirement is established by carrying out a simulation study for CLARREO observations of various atmospheric states under all-sky. We derive a 0.04 K (k=2, or 95% confidence) radiometric calibration requirement baseline using a spectral fingerprinting method. We also demonstrate that the requirement is spectrally dependent and some spectral regions can be relaxed due to the hyperspectral nature of the CLARREO instrument. We further discuss relaxing the requirement to 0.06 K (k=2) based on the uncertainties associated with the temperature and water vapor natural variability and relatively small delay in time-to-detect for trends relative to the baseline case. The methodology used in this study can be extended to other parameters (such as clouds and CO2) and other instrument configurations.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NF1676L-26580 , Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755) (e-ISSN 1520-0442 ); 30; 11; 3979-3998
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Climate Change Accuracy: Observing Requirements and Economic Value (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology; Economics and Cost Analysis
    Type: NF1676L-22426 , 2015 Sun-Climate Symposium: "Multi-Decadal Variability in Sun and Earth during the Space Era"; Nov 10, 2015 - Nov 13, 2015; Savannah, GA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Quantifying the Dependence of Satellite Cloud Retrievals on Instrument Uncertainty (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-23
    Description: How clouds will respond to Earths warming climate is the greatest contributor to intermodel spread of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS). Although global climate models (GCMs) generally agree that the total cloud feedback is positive, GCMs disagree on the magnitude of cloud feedback. Satellite instruments with sufficient accuracy to detect climate change-scale trends in cloud properties will provide improved confidence in our understanding of the relationship between observed climate change and cloud property trends, thus providing essential information to the effort to better constrain ECS. However, a robust framework is needed to determine what constitutes sufficient or necessary accuracy for such an achievement. Our study presents and applies such an accuracy framework to quantify the impact of absolute calibration accuracy requirements on climate change-scale trend detection times for cloud amount, height, optical thickness, and effective radius. The accuracy framework used here was previously applied to SW cloud radiative effect and global mean surface temperature in a study that demonstrated the importance of high instrument accuracy to constrain trend detection times for essential climate variables (ECVs). This paper expands upon these previous studies by investigating cloud properties, demonstrating the versatility of applying this framework to other ECVs and the implications of the results within climate science studies.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NF1676L-24511 , Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755) (e-ISSN 1520-0442); 30; 17; 6959-6976
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  • 4
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    Method for Ground-to-Satellite Laser Calibration System (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The present invention comprises an approach for calibrating the sensitivity to polarization, optics degradation, spectral and stray light response functions of instruments on orbit. The concept is based on using an accurate ground-based laser system, Ground-to-Space Laser Calibration (GSLC), transmitting laser light to instrument on orbit during nighttime substantially clear-sky conditions. To minimize atmospheric contribution to the calibration uncertainty the calibration cycles should be performed in short time intervals, and all required measurements are designed to be relative. The calibration cycles involve ground operations with laser beam polarization and wavelength changes.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
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  • 5
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    Climate Change Observation Accuracy: Requirements and Economic Value (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This presentation will summarize a new quantitative approach to determining the required accuracy for climate change observations. Using this metric, most current global satellite observations struggle to meet this accuracy level. CLARREO (Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory) is a new satellite mission designed to resolve this challenge is by achieving advances of a factor of 10 for reflected solar spectra and a factor of 3 to 5 for thermal infrared spectra. The CLARREO spectrometers can serve as SI traceable benchmarks for the Global Satellite Intercalibration System (GSICS) and greatly improve the utility of a wide range of LEO and GEO infrared and reflected solar satellite sensors for climate change observations (e.g. CERES, MODIS, VIIIRS, CrIS, IASI, Landsat, etc). A CLARREO Pathfinder mission for flight on the International Space Station is included in the U.S. President"TM"s fiscal year 2016 budget, with launch in 2019 or 2020. Providing more accurate decadal change trends can in turn lead to more rapid narrowing of key climate science uncertainties such as cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. A new study has been carried out to quantify the economic benefits of such an advance and concludes that the economic value is ~ $9 Trillion U.S. dollars. The new value includes the cost of carbon emissions reductions.
    Keywords: Economics and Cost Analysis; Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NF1676L-23980 , SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Conference; Apr 04, 2016 - Apr 07, 2016; New Delhi; India
    Format: application/pdf
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