ALBERT

Description: Acarininid shells were cast in epoxy, ground to midsection and imaged by SEM to identify suitable domains for analysis. Fully quantitative Mg/Ca analyses by a CAMECA SX-51 Electron Probe Microanalyzer (mineral standards, background subtracted, and matrix corrected) were performed using Probe for EPMA© software. An accelerating voltage of 15 kV with 10 nA Faraday current and a tightly focused beam were used, with a counting time of 20s on the peak and 10s on each of the two background positions. These analyses were performed using the “Time Dependent Intensity” feature of the Probe for EPMA software, where Ca and Mg were measured in 4 s increments and counts were plotted against time, with extrapolation to time = 0s as the true count rate. The natural carbonate standards Delight Dolomite, Callender Calcite, and UWC-3 were used for Mg and Ca; Mg-KαX-rays were measured on two spectrometers and aggregated. Carbon was calculated within the matrix correction on an atomic basis as C = (Ca + Mg + Sr). Whenever possible, multiple Mg/Ca measurements were placed in each acarininid shell, and the average value was calculated. Data Quality Information: Only EPMA analytical totals of 98.5 – 100.5 wt.% were considered acceptable

Description: This dataset contains single-shell stable isotope data (d18O and d13C), shell weights, ages, and preservation states of Cibicidoides shells spanning MIS 1-2 from ODP Site 929, Ceara Rise (5.976°N, -43.740°E, 4357 m water depth). Sediment samples were processed following standard procedures. From each 〉63µm sediment sample, all specimens of the genera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina were picked from the 〉150 µm size fraction. Using a binocular microscope, each individual Cibicidoides and Uvigerina specimen was critically evaluated for preservation quality. Details of the Foraminiferal Preservation Index (FPI) can be found in the corresponding publication. In short, an initial score (IS) of 5 is applied to an ideal specimen with clearly defined whorls, sutures, pores, and other surface features. A shell with an IS score of 3 usually contains enlarged pores and "smoothed" looking surface features, including sutures and surface ornamentation. An IS score of 4 is assigned to specimens with more subtly smoothed features, and/or slightly enlarged pores. From the IS3-5 value for a given specimen, deductions of 1-2 points are applied to generate its final score (FS). A deduction of 1 point is applied for either a missing or fractured chamber, and/or evidence of slight dissolution. A deduction of 2 points is applied for extensive missing or fractured chambers, and/or evidence of extensive dissolution. For example, an assigned FS1 value for a specimen could be the result of highly smoothed surface features, with some combination of extensive dissolution pockmarks and/or one to several fractured/missing chambers (i.e. IS3 - 2 = FS1). The letter "A" assigned to the final score indicates that the appearance of the shell is glassy, "B" is assigned to pseudo-glassy shells, and "C" to frosty specimens. Specimens of varying preservation quality were purposely chosen for single-shell stable isotope analyses. Each specimen was weighed, and shells featuring narrow mass ranges were selected for individual analytical runs of d18O and d13C which allows for the optimization of instrument tuning. Single Cibicidoides shells were analyzed on a Thermo Delta V Kiel IV dual inlet mass spectrometer at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and were corrected relative to the NBS-19 calcite standard. Average precision on these analyses was better than 0.08‰ for δ18O and better than 0.06‰ for δ13C. The age model is based on published stable isotope records (Bickert et al., 1997; Billups et al., 1998) tuned to the deep sea benthic d18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005; Ahn et al., 2017).

Description: Sampling and Analyzing Method: Acarininid shells were cast in epoxy, ground to midsection and imaged by SEM to identify suitable, well-preserved domains for analysis. In situ d18O data were acquired in the WiscSIMS Laboratory at the Department of Geoscience, UW-Madison, using a CAMECA IMS-1280 large radius multicollector SIMS. (Kita et al., 2009; Valley and Kita, 2009). Depending on the size of the target, samples were analyzed with a 10 µm or 3 µm primary beam. Four consecutive measurements of UWC-3 calcite standard (d18O = 12.40 per mille Vienna standard mean ocean water; VSMOW; Kozdon et al., 2009) were performed before and after every set of typically 10 sample analyses.

Description: This dataset contains single-shell stable isotope data (d18O and d13C), shell weights, ages, and preservation states of Cibicidoides shells spanning MIS 9-10 from ODP Site 1089 north of Agulhas Ridge (-40.936°N, 9.894°E, 4620 m water depth). Sediment samples were processed following standard procedures. From each 〉63µm sediment sample, all specimens of the genera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina were picked from the 〉150 µm size fraction. Using a binocular microscope, each individual Cibicidoides and Uvigerina specimen was critically evaluated for preservation quality. Details of the Foraminiferal Preservation Index (FPI) can be found in the corresponding publication. In short, an initial score (IS) of 5 is applied to an ideal specimen with clearly defined whorls, sutures, pores, and other surface features. A shell with an IS score of 3 usually contains enlarged pores and “smoothed” looking surface features, including sutures and surface ornamentation. An IS score of 4 is assigned to specimens with more subtly smoothed features, and/or slightly enlarged pores. From the IS3-5 value for a given specimen, deductions of 1-2 points are applied to generate its final score (FS). A deduction of 1 point is applied for either a missing or fractured chamber, and/or evidence of slight dissolution. A deduction of 2 points is applied for extensive missing or fractured chambers, and/or evidence of extensive dissolution. For example, an assigned FS1 value for a specimen could be the result of highly smoothed surface features, with some combination of extensive dissolution pockmarks and/or one to several fractured/missing chambers (i.e. IS3 – 2 = FS1). The letter “A” assigned to the final score indicates that the appearance of the shell is glassy, “B” is assigned to pseudo-glassy shells, and “C” to frosty specimens. Specimens of varying preservation quality were purposely chosen for single-shell stable isotope analyses. Each specimen was weighed, and shells featuring narrow mass ranges were selected for individual analytical runs of d18O and d13C which allows for the optimization of instrument tuning. Single Cibicidoides shells were analyzed on a Thermo Delta V Kiel IV dual inlet mass spectrometer at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and were corrected relative to the NBS-19 calcite standard. Average precision on these analyses was better than 0.08‰ for δ18O and better than 0.06‰ for δ13C. The age model is based on the published stable isotope record (Hodell et al. 2001) tuned to the deep sea benthic d18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005; Ahn et al., 2017).

Description: This dataset contains single-shell stable isotope data (d18O and d13C), shell weights, ages, and preservation states of Cibicidoides shells spanning MIS 1-2 from ODP Site 846 south of the Galapagos Islands (-3.095°N, -90.818°E, 3296 m water depth). Sediment samples were processed following standard procedures. From each 〉63µm sediment sample, all specimens of the genera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina were picked from the 〉150 µm size fraction. Using a binocular microscope, each individual Cibicidoides and Uvigerina specimen was critically evaluated for preservation quality. Details of the Foraminiferal Preservation Index (FPI) can be found in the corresponding publication. In short, an initial score (IS) of 5 is applied to an ideal specimen with clearly defined whorls, sutures, pores, and other surface features. A shell with an IS score of 3 usually contains enlarged pores and “smoothed” looking surface features, including sutures and surface ornamentation. An IS score of 4 is assigned to specimens with more subtly smoothed features, and/or slightly enlarged pores. From the IS3-5 value for a given specimen, deductions of 1-2 points are applied to generate its final score (FS). A deduction of 1 point is applied for either a missing or fractured chamber, and/or evidence of slight dissolution. A deduction of 2 points is applied for extensive missing or fractured chambers, and/or evidence of extensive dissolution. For example, an assigned FS1 value for a specimen could be the result of highly smoothed surface features, with some combination of extensive dissolution pockmarks and/or one to several fractured/missing chambers (i.e. IS3 – 2 = FS1). The letter “A” assigned to the final score indicates that the appearance of the shell is glassy, “B” is assigned to pseudo-glassy shells, and “C” to frosty specimens. Specimens of varying preservation quality were purposely chosen for single-shell stable isotope analyses. Each specimen was weighed, and shells featuring narrow mass ranges were selected for individual analytical runs of d18O and d13C which allows for the optimization of instrument tuning. Single Cibicidoides shells were analyzed on a Thermo Delta V Kiel IV dual inlet mass spectrometer at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and were corrected relative to the NBS-19 calcite standard. Average precision on these analyses was better than 0.08‰ for δ18O and better than 0.06‰ for δ13C. The age model is based on published stable isotope records (Mix et al. 1995; Shackleton et al., 1995) tuned to the deep sea benthic d18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005; Ahn et al., 2017).

Description: This dataset contains single-shell stable isotope data (d18O and d13C), shell weights, ages, and preservation states of Uvigerina shells spanning MIS 9-10 from ODP Site 846 south of the Galapagos Islands (-3.095°N, -90.818°E, 3296 m water depth). Sediment samples were processed following standard procedures. From each 〉63µm sediment sample, all specimens of the genera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina were picked from the 〉150 µm size fraction. Using a binocular microscope, each individual Cibicidoides and Uvigerina specimen was critically evaluated for preservation quality. Details of the Foraminiferal Preservation Index (FPI) can be found in the corresponding publication. In short, an initial score (IS) of 5 is applied to an ideal specimen with clearly defined whorls, sutures, pores, and other surface features. A shell with an IS score of 3 usually contains enlarged pores and "smoothed" looking surface features, including sutures and surface ornamentation. An IS score of 4 is assigned to specimens with more subtly smoothed features, and/or slightly enlarged pores. From the IS3-5 value for a given specimen, deductions of 1-2 points are applied to generate its final score (FS). A deduction of 1 point is applied for either a missing or fractured chamber, and/or evidence of slight dissolution. A deduction of 2 points is applied for extensive missing or fractured chambers, and/or evidence of extensive dissolution. For example, an assigned FS1 value for a specimen could be the result of highly smoothed surface features, with some combination of extensive dissolution pockmarks and/or one to several fractured/missing chambers (i.e. IS3 - 2 = FS1). The letter "A" assigned to the final score indicates that the appearance of the shell is glassy, "B" is assigned to pseudo-glassy shells, and "C" to frosty specimens. Specimens of varying preservation quality were purposely chosen for single-shell stable isotope analyses. Each specimen was weighed, and shells featuring narrow mass ranges were selected for individual analytical runs of d18O and d13C which allows for the optimization of instrument tuning. Single Uvigerina shells were analyzed on an Isoprime 100 dual inlet mass spectrometer with carbonate multi-preparation system at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and were corrected relative to the NBS-19 calcite standard. These analyses produced average precision better than 0.06‰ for δ18O and better than 0.03‰ for δ13C. The age model is based on published stable isotope records (Mix et al. 1995; Shackleton et al., 1995) tuned to the deep sea benthic d18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005; Ahn et al., 2017).

Description: This dataset contains single-shell stable isotope data (d18O and d13C), shell weights, ages, and preservation states of Cibicidoides shells spanning MIS 9-10 from ODP Site 846 south of the Galapagos Islands (-3.095°N, -90.818°E, 3296 m water depth). Sediment samples were processed following standard procedures. From each 〉63µm sediment sample, all specimens of the genera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina were picked from the 〉150 µm size fraction. Using a binocular microscope, each individual Cibicidoides and Uvigerina specimen was critically evaluated for preservation quality. Details of the Foraminiferal Preservation Index (FPI) can be found in the corresponding publication. In short, an initial score (IS) of 5 is applied to an ideal specimen with clearly defined whorls, sutures, pores, and other surface features. A shell with an IS score of 3 usually contains enlarged pores and “smoothed” looking surface features, including sutures and surface ornamentation. An IS score of 4 is assigned to specimens with more subtly smoothed features, and/or slightly enlarged pores. From the IS3-5 value for a given specimen, deductions of 1-2 points are applied to generate its final score (FS). A deduction of 1 point is applied for either a missing or fractured chamber, and/or evidence of slight dissolution. A deduction of 2 points is applied for extensive missing or fractured chambers, and/or evidence of extensive dissolution. For example, an assigned FS1 value for a specimen could be the result of highly smoothed surface features, with some combination of extensive dissolution pockmarks and/or one to several fractured/missing chambers (i.e. IS3 – 2 = FS1). The letter “A” assigned to the final score indicates that the appearance of the shell is glassy, “B” is assigned to pseudo-glassy shells, and “C” to frosty specimens. Specimens of varying preservation quality were purposely chosen for single-shell stable isotope analyses. Each specimen was weighed, and shells featuring narrow mass ranges were selected for individual analytical runs of d18O and d13C which allows for the optimization of instrument tuning. Single Cibicidoides shells were analyzed on an Isoprime 100 dual inlet mass spectrometer with carbonate multi-preparation system at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and were corrected relative to the NBS-19 calcite standard. These analyses produced average precision better than 0.06‰ for δ18O and better than 0.03‰ for δ13C. The age model is based on published stable isotope records (Mix et al. 1995; Shackleton et al., 1995) tuned to the deep sea benthic d18O stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005; Ahn et al., 2017).