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  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schlüter, Lothar; Lohbeck, Kai T; Gröger, Joachim P; Riebesell, Ulf; Reusch, Thorsten B H (2016): Long-term dynamics of adaptive evolution in a globally important phytoplankton species to ocean acidification. Science Advances, 2(7), e1501660-e1501660, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501660
    Publication Date: 2023-10-23
    Description: Recent evolution experiments have revealed that marine phytoplankton may adapt to global change, for example to ocean warming or acidification. Long-term adaptation to novel environments is a dynamic process and phenotypic change can take place thousands of generations after exposure to novel conditions. Using the longest evolution experiment performed in any marine species to date (4 yrs, = 2100 generations), we show that in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, long-term adaptation to ocean acidification is complex and initial phenotypic responses may revert for important traits. While fitness increased continuously, calcification was restored within the first 500 generations but later reduced in response to selection, enhancing physiological declines of calcification in response to ocean acidification. Interestingly, calcification was not constitutively reduced but revealed rates similar to control treatments when transferred back to present-day CO2 conditions. Growth rate increased with time in controls and adaptation treatments, although the effect size of adaptation assessed through reciprocal assay experiments varied. Several trait changes were associated with selection for higher cell division rates under laboratory conditions, such as reduced cell size and lower particulate organic carbon content per cell. Our results show that phytoplankton may evolve phenotypic plasticity that can affect biogeochemically important traits, such as calcification, in an unforeseen way under future ocean conditions.
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schlüter, Lothar; Lohbeck, Kai T; Gutowska, Magdalena A; Gröger, Joachim P; Riebesell, Ulf; Reusch, Thorsten B H (2014): Adaptation of a globally important coccolithophore to ocean warming and acidification. Nature Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2379
    Publication Date: 2023-10-23
    Description: Although oceanwarming and acidification are recognized as two major anthropogenic perturbations of today's oceanswe know very little about how marine phytoplankton may respond via evolutionary change.We tested for adaptation to ocean warming in combination with ocean acidification in the globally important phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi. Temperature adaptation occurred independently of ocean acidifcation levels. Exponential growth rates were were up to 16% higher in populations adapted for one year to warming when assayed at their upper thermal tolerance limit. Particulate inorganic (PIC) and organic (POC) carbon production was restored to values under present-day ocean conditions, owing to adaptive evolution, and were 101% and 55% higher under combined warming and acidification, respectively, than in non-adapted controls. Cells also evolved to a smaller size while they recovered their initial PIC:POC ratio even under elevated CO2. The observed changes in coccolithophore growth, calcite and biomass production, cell size and elemental composition demonstrate the importance of evolutionary processes for phytoplankton performance in a future ocean. At the end of a 1-yr temperature selection phase, we conducted a reciprocal assay experiment in which temperature-adapted asexual populations were compared to the respective non-adapted control populations under high temperature, and vice versa (1. Assay Data, Dataset #835336). Mean exponential growth rates m in treatments subjected to high temperature increased rapidly under all high temperature-CO2 treatment combinations during the temperature selection phase (2. time series, Dataset #835339).
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell biovolume; Cell size; Chromista; Coulometric titration; Emiliania huxleyi; Experiment day; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, per cell; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Particulate inorganic carbon production per cell; Particulate organic carbon production per cell; Pelagos; pH; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric titration; Replicate; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperature; Temperature, water; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20349 data points
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