ALBERT

Description: Strontium isotopic ratios of gypsums recovered from upper Miocene (Messinian) evaporites at ODP Leg 107 Holes 652A, 653B, and 654A (Tyrrhenian Sea) are lower than expected. The values for the Messinian balatino-like gypsum, single gypsum crystals, and anhydrites range from 0.70861 to 0.70886 and are approximately 25 * 10**-5 less than would be expected for evaporites precipitated from Messinian seawater (0.70891-0.70902). Pre-evaporitic planktonic foraminifers from Hole 654A show variable degrees of dolomitization and 87Sr/86Sr values that irregularly decrease upward from normal marine values approximately 81m below the lowest evaporite occurrence. This suggests diagenetic alteration by advecting interstitial water with a low 87Sr/86Sr ratio or that the lower Sr isotopic ratios for the Messinian evaporites could have resulted from a greater influence of fresh water on the Sr isotopic composition of the desiccating Tyrrhenian Sea. Fluctuations of the 87Sr/86Sr-ratio for evaporites in the sedimentary cycles recognized for Holes 653B and 654A, the generally low Sr isotopic ratio of river water entering the Mediterranean Sea, and the presence of dwarf marine microfossils suggest that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the evaporites responded to hydrologic variations in a very restricted basin with variable rates of marine and fresh water input. The strontium isotopic ratios of the Messinian anhydrites from the proposed lacustrine sequence at Hole 652A fall in the same range as the marine evaporites from Holes 654A and 653B. This suggests a common or similar origin of the brines at the three locations. The complex depositional and hydrologic conditions in the Mediterranean during the Messinian salinity crisis preclude the use of Sr isotopic values from the evaporites for stratigraphic correlation and dating. They are, however, very useful in the interpretation of the depositional history of the basin. General calculations assuming a closed system suggest that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of Messinian seawater (-0.7090) could be reduced to that of the evaporites (-0.7087) by mixing with fresh water (e.g., Nile River) in times of 10**4 to 10**5 yr.

Description: A core from the deepest part of lake Königsegg. near Ostrach (Oberschwaben), has been studied palynologically and lithologically. The core is only 4.6 m long; lacustrine sedimentation began in the Oldest Dryas. The Alleroedian pumice tuff from Laacher See (Eifel) is present. The origin of the lake as a dead ice lake and its limnogeological development are briefly discussed.

Description: Five sites were drilled in the Celebes Sea and Sulu Sea During ODP Leg 124. Sites 767 and 771 in the Celebes Sea are below the regional carbonate compensation depth (CCD) and all calcareous nannofossils recovered in post-Oligocene sediments were recovered from turbidites. From the late middle Eocene to the late Oligocene, Site 771 was above the CCD and accumulated pelagic nannofossil clay. The highest occurrence of Chiasmolithus grandis is just above basement and indicates a late middle Eocene age for the Celebes Basin. In the southeast Sulu Basin, calcareous nannofossils are preserved only in post early middle Miocene sediments and are not useful for estimating the age of the basin. A late Pliocene change in calcareous nannofossil preservation and lithology at Sites 768 and 769 indicate deepening of the CCD. This corresponds to the progressive isolation of the southeast Sulu Basin, which is a consequence of global lowering of sea level and local tectonic adjustment of sill depth. The calcareous nannofossils at all five sites provide a good biostratigraphic framework for the sedimentary histories of the two basins even though some of the fossils were deposited by turbidity currents below the regional CCD, or have been mixed with redeposited specimens. The biostratigraphy record of Sites 767, 768, and 769 show that the lowest occurrence of Gephyrocapsa oceanica s.l. is consistently the nearest datum to the top of the Olduvai paleomagnetic event and, therefore, is the most suitable biohorizon for approximating the Pliocene/Pleistocene Boundary in the Celebes and Sulu Seas.