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  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hughes, Kevin A; Lee, Jennifer E; Tsujimoto, Megumu; Imura, Satoshi; Bergstrom, Dana Michelle; Ware, Chris; Lebouvier, Marc; Huiskes, Ad H L; Gremmen, Niek J M; Frenot, Yves; Bridge, Paul D; Chown, Steven L (2011): Food for thought: Risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce. Biological Conservation, 144(5), 1682-1689, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.001
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: To understand fully the risk of biological invasions, it is necessary to quantify propagule pressure along all introduction pathways. In the Antarctic region, importation of fresh produce is a potentially high risk, but as yet unquantified pathway. To address this knowledge gap, 〉11,250 fruit and vegetables sent to nine research stations in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, were examined for associated soil, invertebrates and microbial decomposition. Fifty-one food types were sourced from c. 130 locations dispersed across all six of the Earth's inhabited continents. On average, 12% of food items had soil on their surface, 28% showed microbial infection resulting in rot and more than 56 invertebrates were recorded, mainly from leafy produce. Approximately 30% of identified fungi sampled from infected foods were not recorded previously from within the Antarctic region, although this may reflect limited knowledge of Antarctic fungal diversity. The number of non-native flying invertebrates caught within the Rothera Research Station food storage area was linked closely with the level of fresh food resupply by ship and aircraft. We conclude by presenting practical biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of non-native species introductions to Antarctica associated with fresh foods.
    Keywords: International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Chown, Steven L; Huiskes, Ad H L; Gremmen, Niek J M; Lee, Jennifer E; Terauds, Aleks; Crosbie, Kim; Frenot, Yves; Hughes, Kevin A; Imura, Satoshi; Kiefer, K; Lebouvier, Marc; Raymond, Ben; Tsujimoto, Megumu; Ware, Chris; Van de Vijver, Bart; Bergstrom, Dana Michelle (2012): Continent-wide risk assessment for the establishment of nonindigenous species in Antarctica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(13), 4938-4943, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119787109
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Invasive alien species are among the primary causes of biodiversity change globally, with the risks thereof broadly understood for most regions of the world. They are similarly thought to be among the most significant conservation threats to Antarctica, especially as climate change proceeds in the region. However, no comprehensive, continent-wide evaluation of the risks to Antarctica posed by such species has been undertaken. Here we do so by sampling, identifying, and mapping the vascular plant propagules carried by all categories of visitors to Antarctica during the International Polar Year's first season (2007-2008) and assessing propagule establishment likelihood based on their identity and origins and on spatial variation in Antarctica's climate. For an evaluation of the situation in 2100, we use modeled climates based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Scenario A1B [Nakicenovic N, Swart R, eds (2000) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK)]. Visitors carrying seeds average 9.5 seeds per person, although as vectors, scientists carry greater propagule loads than tourists. Annual tourist numbers (~33,054) are higher than those of scientists (~7,085), thus tempering these differences in propagule load. Alien species establishment is currently most likely for the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Recent founder populations of several alien species in this area corroborate these findings. With climate change, risks will grow in the Antarctic Peninsula, Ross Sea, and East Antarctic coastal regions. Our evidence-based assessment demonstrates which parts of Antarctica are at growing risk from alien species that may become invasive and provides the means to mitigate this threat now and into the future as the continent's climate changes.
    Keywords: International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hughes, Kevin A; Lee, Jennifer E; Ware, Chris; Kiefer, K; Bergstrom, Dana Michelle (2010): Impact of anthropogenic transportation to Antarctica on alien seed viability. Polar Biology, 33(8), 1125-1130, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0801-4
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Antarctic ecosystems are at risk from the introduction of invasive species. The first step in the process of invasion is the transportation of alien species to Antarctic in a viable state. However, the effect of long-distance human-mediated dispersal, over different time-scales, on propagule viability is not well known. We assessed the viability of Poa trivialis seeds transported to Antarctica from the UK, South Africa and Australia by ship or by ship and aircraft. Following transportation to the Antarctic Treaty area, no reduction in seed viability was found, despite journey times lasting up to 284 days and seeds experiencing temperatures as low as -1.5°C. This work confirms that human-mediated transport may overcome the dispersal barrier for some propagules, and highlights the need for effective pre-departure biosecurity measures.
    Keywords: Comment; Description; Distance; Duration, number of days; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Location; Name; Seed viability; Standard deviation; Temperature, air; Temperature, air, maximum; Temperature, air, minimum; Temperature, air, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 109 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hughes, Kevin A; Fretwell, Peter; Rae, James W B; Holmes, Keith; Fleming, Andrew (2011): Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource. Antarctic Science, 23(06), 537-548, https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410201100037X
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Globally, areas categorically known to be free of human visitation are rare, but still exist in Antarctica. Such areas may be among the most pristine locations remaining on Earth and, therefore, be valuable as baselines for future comparisons with localities impacted by human activities, and as sites preserved for scientific research using increasingly sophisticated future technologies. Nevertheless, unvisited areas are becoming increasingly rare as the human footprint expands in Antarctica. Therefore, an understanding of historical and contemporary levels of visitation at locations across Antarctica is essential to a) estimate likely cumulative environmental impact, b) identify regions that may have been impacted by non-native species introductions, and c) inform the future designation of protected areas under the Antarctic Treaty System. Currently, records of Antarctic tourist visits exist, but little detailed information is readily available on the spatial and temporal distribution of national governmental programme activities in Antarctica. Here we describe methods to fulfil this need. Using information within field reports and archive and science databases pertaining to the activities of the United Kingdom as an illustration, we describe the history and trends in its operational footprint in the Antarctic Peninsula since c. 1944. Based on this illustration, we suggest that these methodologies could be applied productively more generally.
    Keywords: Abbreviation; Adelaide_St; Admiralty_Bay_St; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers_Is_St; Blaiklock_Is_St; Cape_Geddes_St; Cape_Reclus_St; Comment; Damoy_Point_St; Danco_Is_St; Deception_Is_St; Detaille_Is_St; Event label; Faraday_St; Fossil_Bluff_St; Halley_RS; Hope_Bay_St; Horseshoe_Is_St; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Latitude of event; Livingston_Island_Station; Longitude of event; Number of individuals; Number of years; Orford_Cliff_St; Port_Lockroy_St; Prospect_Point_St; Rasmussen_Hut_St; Research station; Rothera_St; RS; Sandefjord_Bay_St; Signy_RS; Size; Sky_Blu_St; Station label; Status; Stonington_Is_St; View_Point_St
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 235 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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