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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Thickness and roughness variations of Arctic multiyear sea ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/18
    In: CRREL Report, 76-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Three surface elevation and ice thickness profiles obtained during the 1972 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment on a multiyear ice floe were analyzed to obtain relationships between surface elevation, thickness and physical properties of the ice. It was found that for ice freeboards from 0.10 m to 1.05 m above sea level a linear relationship between ice density and freeboard could be postulated. The equation for the regression line is: Ice density = -194f' + 974 kg/cu m where f' is the ice freeboard plus snow depth in ice equivalent at the point in question. This statistical relationship is consistent with observed physical properties, which indicate that as the ice freeboard increases, ice salinity decreases and the higher freeboard or thicker ice therefore decreases in density. Using this variable density with freeboard relationship, a model was constructed to predict ice thickness, given ice freeboard and snow depth alone. This prediction is desirable, since snow depth and freeboard are relatively easy to obtain, whereas ice thickness can usually be obtained only by drilling through the ice. The model was compared with two other models. It was found that the variable density prediction model gave the best approximation to observed ice thickness, with a standard error between the measured and predicted value of about 0.4 m, compared with errors from 50 to 100% higher for the other two models.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-18
    URL: Abstract
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Results Models for predicting thickness from ice freeboard Comparison between measured and predicted thicknesses Spectral behavior of measured and predicted profiles Comparisons of ice thickness using airborne laser profilometry Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Misgivings on isostatic imbalance as a mechanism for sea ice cracking
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Investigations performed on the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment, March 1971 (1973)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-315
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Part 1:Mesoscale strain measurements on the Beaufort Sea pack ice. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Previous work. - Site location. - Results. - Correlation of synoptic aerial photography with measured strains. - Correlation of estimated wind stress and strain. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part II: Structure of a multiyear pressure ridge. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Profiles. - Internal properties. - Largest ridge sail. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part III: Top and bottom roughness of a multiyear ice floe. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Results. - Literature cited. - Part IV:Airphoto analysis of ice deformation in the Beaufort Sea Abstract. - Introduction. - Study area. - Method of analysis. - Ice deformations. - Net deformational changes. - Pressure ridge distribution. - Summary and conclusions. - Literature cited. - Part V: Data on morphological and physical characteristics of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea.
    Description / Table of Contents: Mesoscale strain measurements on the Beaufort Sea pack ice; Structure of a multiyear pressure ridge; Top and bottom roughness of a multiyear ice floe; Airphoto analysis of ice deformation in the Beaufort Sea; Data on morphological and physical characteristics of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 66 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 315
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1014548
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea ice samples (1982)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/30
    In: CRREL Report, 82-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Equations are developed that can be used to determine the amount of gas present in sea ice from measurements of the bulk ice density, salinity and temperature in the temperature range o f-2 to -30°C. Conversely these relationships can be used to give the density of sea ice as a function of its temperature and salinity, considering both the presence of gas and of solid salts in the ice. Equations are also given that allow the calculation of the gas and brine volumes in the ice at temperatures other than that at which the bulk density was determined.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-30
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/7048
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9372
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
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  • 4
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    Series available for loan
    Profile properties of undeformed first-year sea ice (1988)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-88/13
    In: CRREL Report, 88-13
    Description / Table of Contents: In many sea ice engineering problems the ice sheet has been assumed to be a homogeneous plate whose mechanical properties are estimated from the bulk salinity and average temperature of the ice sheet. Typically no regard has been given to the vertical variation of ice properties in the ice sheet or to the time of ice formation. This paper first reviews some of the mechanical properties of sea ice, including the ice tensile, flexural and shear strengths, as well as the ice modulus. Equations for these properties are given as functions of the ice brine volume, which can be determined from the ice salinity and temperature. Next a numerical, finite difference model is developed to predict the salinity and temperature profiles of a growing ice sheet. In this model ice temperatures are calculated by performing an energy balance of the heat fluxes at the ice surface. The conductive heat flux is used to calculate the rate of ice growth and ice thickness by applying the Stefan ice growth equation. Ice salinities are determined by considering the amount of initial salt entrapment at the ice/water interface and the subsequent brine drainage due to brine expulsion and gravity drainage. Ice salinity and temperature profiles are generated using climatological data for the Central Arctic basin. The predicted salinity and temperature profiles are combined with the mechanical property data to provide mechanical property profiles for first-year sea ice of different thicknesses, grown at different times of the winter. The predicted profiles give composite plate properties that are significantly different from bulk properties obtained by assuming homogeneous plates. In addition the failure strength profiles give maximum strength in the interior of the sheet as contrasted with the usual assumption of maximum strength at the cold, upper ice surface. Surprisingly the mechanical property profiles are only a function of the ice thickness, independent of the time of ice formation.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 63 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 88-13
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA213087
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9071
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Structure Composition Mechanical properties Strength Elastic constants The temperature-salinity model Temperature profiles Salinity profiles Composite plate properties Results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Details of the equations for ice surface temperature and conductive heat flux Appendix B: Calculated profile and bulk properties of an ice sheet of varying thickness Appendix C: Calculated profile and bulk properties of 30- and 91-cm-thick ice sheets
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice : phase II: test results (1985)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-85/16
    In: CRREL Report, 85-16
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of the second phase of a test program designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. In Phase 2, 62 constant-strain-rate uniaxial compression tests were performed on horizontal and vertical ice samples from multi-year pressure ridges to examine the effect of sample orientation on ice strength. Also conducted were 36 constant-strain-rate tension tests, 55 conventional triaxial tests and 35 constant-load compression tests on multi-year pressure ridge samples to provide data for developing ice yield criteria and constitutive laws. Data are presented on the strength, failure strain and modulus of multi-year sea ice under different loading conditions. The effects of ice temperature, porosity, structure, strain rate, confining pressure and sample orientation on the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice are examined.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 89 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 85-16
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a166333.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9414
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field sampling program Site selection and description Coring procedures Core logging procedures Shipping and storage of ice samples Ice description Salinity and density Structure Constant-strain-rate compression tests Test variables Uniaxial compressive strength Strength and structure Strength and porosity Residual compressive strength Failure strain Initial tangent modulus Constant-strain-rate uniaxial tension tests Test variables Uniaxial tensile strength Failure strains Initial tangent modulus Constant-strain-rate triaxial tests Equipment Test variables Synthane end caps Triaxial strength Failure strains Initial tangent modulus Effect of sinthane end caps on results Constant-load compression tests Test variables Test results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice structure profile of ridge C core Appendix H: Test data Appendix C: Static determination of Young's modulus in sea ice
    Location: AWI Archive
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Humic substances and their role in the environment : report of the Dahlem Workshop on Humic Substances and Their Role in the Environment, Berlin 1987, March 29-April 3 (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: M 20.93851
    In: Dahlem workshop reports. Life sciences research report ; 14
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiii, 271 Seiten , Graphiken
    ISBN: 0-471-91817-2
    Series Statement: Dahlem workshop reports 41
    Language: English
    Note: The Dahlem Konferenzen Introduction Isolation of Humic Substances from Soils and Sediments A Critical Evaluation of the Use of Macroporous Resins for the Isolation of Aquatic Humic Substances Isolation of Soil and Aquatic Humic Substances Polymerization of Humic Stubstances in Natural Environments Selective Degradation of Plant Biomolecules Generation of Model Chemical Precursors Generation in Controlled Model Ecosystems Genesis Evolution of Structural Models from Consideration of Physical and Chemical Properties Critical Comparison of Structural Implications from Degradative and Nondegradative Approaches The Characterization and Validity of Structural Hypotheses; Binding and Transport Metals by Humic Materials Interaction of Humic Substances with Biota Environmental Photoprocesses Involving Natural Organic Matter Sedimentology of Organic Matter Environmental Reactions and Functions List of Participants with Fields of Research Subject Index Author Index
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Interdisciplinary Research and Trans-disciplinary Validity Claims (2015)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Call number: IASS 16.89795
    Description / Table of Contents: Interdisciplinarity has seemingly become a paradigm for modern and meaningful research. Clearly, the interdisciplinary modus of deliberation enables to unfold relevant but quite different disciplinary perspectives to the reflection of broader scientific questions or societal problems. However, whether the comprehensive results of interdisciplinary reflection prove to be valid or to be acceptable in trans-disciplinary terms depends upon certain preconditions, which have to be fulfilled for securing scientific quality and social trust in advisory contexts. The present book is written by experts and practitioners of interdisciplinary research and policy advice. It analyses topical and methodological approaches towards interdisciplinarity, starting with the current role of scientific research in society. The volume continues with contributions to the issues of knowledge and acting and to trans-disciplinary deliberation. The final conclusions address the scientific system as substantial actor itself as well as the relevant research and education politics
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 195 p. 6 illus., 4 illus. in color
    Edition: Online edition Springer eBook Collection. Engineering
    ISBN: 9783319114002 , 9783319113999
    Series Statement: Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment, Schriftenreihe der EA European Academy of Technology and Innovation Assessment GmbH 43
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11400-2
    Language: English
    Note: IntroductionScience in Society -- Knowing and Acting -- Trans-disciplinary Deliberation -- Conclusions/Recommandations..
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  • 8
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Paläotektonische Analyse des suprasalinaren Deckgebirges (Anteil Trias) im Gebiet des zentralen Beckensüdrandes (Erläuterungen zu Mächtigkeits- und Fazieskarten der Trias) : Themenspezifischer Beitrag zum Forschungsthema des Zentralen Geologischen Institutes, Berlin "Komplexe Analyse und Synthese des Strukturbaues und der Paläotektonik am Südrand der Norddeutsch-Polnischen Senke" ; Forschungsaufgabe "Strukturentwicklung Mitteldeutsche Hauptabbrüche und Südrand Norddeutsch-Polnische Senke" ; Themen-Nr. 5.07.2019 ; Bericht G3 04/82 (1982)
    Potsam/Berlin : Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde (ZIPE), Bereich Geologie
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    Call number: D 2043/4
    In: Forschungsaufgabe "Strukturentwicklung Mitteldeutsche Hauptabbrüche und Südrand NPS"
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 47 Blätter , graphische Darstellungen , 20 Kartenbeilagen
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 0. Aufgabenstellung. - 1. Untersuchungsmethodik. - 1.1. Mächtigkeitsanalyse. - 1.2. Faziesanalyse. - 1.3. Genauigkeitsbetrachtung. - 2. Ergebnisse: Paläotektonische Entwicklung in der Trias. - 2.1. Vorbemerkungen. - 2.2. Spezielle Ergebnisse. - 2.2.1. Unterer Buntsandstein. - 2.2.2. Mittlerer Buntsandstein. - 2.2.3. Oberer Buntsandstein. - 2.2.4. Muschelkalk. - 2.2.5. Unterer Keuper. - 2.2.6. Mittlerer Keuper. - 2.2.7. Oberer Keuper. - 2.3. Grundzüge der Deckgebirgsentwicklung während der Trias. - 3. Hinweise für Folgearbeiten. - 4. Zusammenfassung. - 5. Literaturverzeichnis. - 6. Abbildungs- und Anlagenverzeichnis. - 7. Stellungnahme der Bereichsleitung.
    Location: 20
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice : Phase I: Test results (1984)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-84/9
    In: CRREL Report, 84-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of the first phase of a test program designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. In Phase I, 222 constant-strain-rate uni-axial compression tests were performed on ice samples from ten multi-year pressure ridges to examine the magnitude and variation of ice strength within and between pressure ridges. A limited number of constant-strain-rate compression and tension tests, constant-load compression tests, and conventional triaxial tests were also performed on ice samples from a multi-year floe to provide preliminary data for developing ice yield criteria and constitutive laws for multi-year sea ice. Data are presented on the strength, failure strain, and modulus of multi-year sea ice under different loading conditions. The statistical variation of ice strength within and between pressure ridges is examined, as well as the effects of ice temperature, porosity, structure, strain rate and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of multi-year sea ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 107 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 84-9
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA144132
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9279
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field Sampling Site selection and description Ice sampling procedures Shipping and storage of ice samples Testing Techniques Multi-year Pressure Ridge Tests Ice description Sampling scheme and test variables Uniaxial compressive strength Residual compressive strength Failure strains Initial tangent modulus Statistical Variations in Ice Strength Differences in strength above and below level ice Sources of the variation in strength Shape of the strength histograms Multi-year Floe Ice Tests Ice description Uniaxial compressive strength Constant-load compression tests Constant-strain-rate tension tests Triaxial tests Conclusions Literature Cited Appendix A: Structural profile of a multi-year pressure ridge core Appendix B: Ridge uniaxial compression test data Appendix C: Structural profile of the continuous multi-year floe core Appendix D: Multi-year floe test data
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Beitrag zur Bearbeitung des Prätertiärs der Egelner Mulde : Forschungsbericht ; wissenschaftlicher Bericht (G4) BES 2 0685 (1984)
    Berlin : Akad. der Wiss. der DDR, Zentralinst. Physik der Erde, Bereich III (Geologie)
    Details Availability
    Call number: D 2737 / Keller
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 33 Bl.. + 41 Anlagen
    Edition: Als Ms. gedr.
    Location: Magazine - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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