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  • Articles  (76)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 675 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 22 (1977), S. 193-218 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 412 (2001), S. 328-331 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Clustering of organisms can be a consequence of social behaviour, or of the response of individuals to chemical and physical cues. Environmental variability can also cause clustering: for example, marine turbulence transports plankton and produces chlorophyll concentration patterns in the upper ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 34-45 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of a one-dimensional granular medium has a finite time singularity if the number of particles in the medium is greater than a certain critical value. The singularity ("inelastic collapse'') occurs when a group of particles collides infinitely often in a finite time so that the separations and relative velocities vanish. To avoid the finite time singularity, a double limit in which the coefficient of restitution r approaches 1 and the number of particles N becomes large, but is always below the critical number needed to trigger collapse, is considered. Specifically, r→1 with N∼(1−r)−1. This procedure is called the "quasielastic'' limit. Using a combination of direct simulation and kinetic theory, it is shown that a bimodal velocity distribution develops from random initial conditions. The bimodal distribution is the basis for a "two-stream'' continuum model in which each stream represents one of the velocity modes. This two-stream model qualitatively explains some of the unusual phenomena seen in the simulations, such as the growth of large-scale instabilities in a medium that is excited with statistically homogeneous initial conditions. These instabilities can be either direct or oscillatory, depending on the domain size, and their finite-amplitude development results in the formation of clusters of particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A recently proposed scaling theory of two-dimensional turbulent decay, based on the evolutionary pathway of successive mergers of coherent vortices, is used to predict the rate and end state of the evolution. These predictions differ from those based on the selective-decay hypothesis and traditional ideas of spectrum evolution, and they are in substantially better agreement with numerical solutions at large Reynolds number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2468-2470 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dispersion of passive scalar by Stokes flow through a dilute suspension of solid spheres fixed at random points in space is a basic model of mixing and transport in an unconsolidated porous medium. Earlier investigators have used a general theory of macroscopic transport to calculate the Lagrangian velocity autocorrelation function and the effective diffusivity of this system. If the tracer does not diffuse molecularly then the autocorrelation function has a "long tail,'' proportional to t−1. Small molecular diffusivity provides a cutoff at long times and implies an effective diffusivity that increases as the logarithm of the Péclet number. In the present work the same results are obtained including the constants of proportionality, using an elementary Lagrangian argument that avoids the formalism of the macrotransport theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 496-504 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of a one-dimensional gas of inelastic point particles is investigated. To model inelastic collisions, it is supposed that the relative velocity of two colliding particles is reduced by a factor r, where 0〈r〈1. The constant r is the coefficient of restitution. Because the collisions are inelastic, particles can collide infinitely often in finite time so that the relative separations and velocities of adjacent particles on the line become zero. The minimal example of this "inelastic collapse'' requires r〈7−4 7/8 ≈0.0718. With this restriction, three particles condense into a single lump in a finite time: The particle in the middle is sandwiched between the monotonically converging outer particles. When r is greater than 7−4 7/8 , more than three particles are needed to trigger inelastic collapse and it is shown that r is close to 1 the minimum number scales as −ln(1−r)/(1−r). The simplest statistical problem is the "cooling law'' of a uniformly excited gas confined between inelastic boundaries. A scaling argument suggests that the mean square velocity (the "granular temperature'') of the particles decreases like t−2. Numerical simulations show that this scaling is correct only if the total number of particles in the domain is less than the number required to trigger collapse (e.g., roughly 88 if r=0.95). When the number of particles is much greater than this minimum, and before the first collapse, clusters form throughout the medium. Thus a state with uniform particle density is unstable to the formation of aggregates and inelastic collapse is the finite-amplitude expression of this instability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1087-1101 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This review of shear dispersion emphasizes that the usual one-dimensional diffusion equation, derived by Taylor [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 219, 186 (1953)], is an asymptotic result that is valid only at large time. One route to earlier validity is a systematic wave-number expansion based on the center manifold theorem. This procedure captures much of the early behavior but it does discard exponentially decaying transients. However, in some cases of practical importance, such as tracer release experiments in rivers, the observation of "anomalous diffusion'' (i.e., tracer variance growing nonlinearly with time) is at odds with this asymptotic reduction. Alternative approximations and models, which account for exponential transients using a description that is nonlocal in time are reviewed. A secondary theme of this review is the application of shear dispersion to mixing of passive and active scalars in rivers and estuaries. An example is shear dispersion of salt in which the shear flow is created by salinity gradients. Other examples include fixed flux convection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1997-11-24
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9228
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-0699
    Topics: Physics
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