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  • Articles  (71)
Collection
  • Articles  (71)
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 6 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: A prototype ‘advisor’ system intended to answer typical questions from a user of a commercial fourth generation report writer has been developed. This paper describes a major subcomponent, which uses expert system techniques to answer ‘why’ or ‘causal’ questions. The approach uses several types of rules, used both forward and backward, to define causal relations between the user's actual code and English-like descriptions of the intended or actual results. The Prolog-based rule interpreter, which can deal with negative and inconsistent questions, is outlined. The design is based on a large corpus of actual user questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Knowledge Acquisition 5 (1993), S. 305-346 
    ISSN: 1042-8143
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 156 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Subtraction hybridization was used to identify sequences of Mycobacterium bovis DNA which might be of diagnostic value. Genomic DNA from Mycobacterium avium, isolated commonly from cattle and whose tuberculin is used in the comparative intradermal tuberculin test, was subtracted from M. bovis genomic DNA. A novel sequence, of 131 bp, which appears to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific was identified. The specificity of this sequence was stringently tested by a probe and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Nucleotide identity determination and sequence comparisons revealed that the 131-bp sequence is located directly upstream of a potential isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) coding gene and may be of diagnostic value, enabling differentiation of M. tuberculosis complex mycobacteria from other mycobacterial species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Computational intelligence 16 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We describe a prototype system, IKARUS, with which we investigated the potential of integrating web-based documents, shared knowledge bases, and information retrieval for improving knowledge storage and retrieval. As an example, we discuss how to implement both a user manual and an online help system as one system. The following technologies are combined: a web-based design, a frame-based knowledge engine, use of an advanced full-text search engine, and simple techniques to control terminology. We have combined graphical browsing with several unusual forms of text retrieval—for example, to the sentence and paragraph level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 287 (1980), S. 467-467 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CHRISTIE AND SCLATER'S refraction results1 corroborate our inference from regional gravity2 that the crust under the Buchan and Witchground Graben area of the North Sea is anomalously thin (see Fig. 1). However, their mechanism3 for the development of the grabens, invoking crustal stretching by a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 27 (1993), S. 261-275 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: conceptual analysis ; knowledge representation ; knowledge engineering ; semantic networks ; text analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract This article addresses the methodological problem of the non-linear representation of philosophical systems in a computerized knowledge base. It is a problem of knowledge representation as defined in the field of artificial intelligence. Instead of a purely theoretical discussion of the issue, we present selected results of a practical experiment which has in itself some theoretical significance. We show how one can represent different philosophies using CODE, a knowledge engineering system developed by artificial intelligence researchers. The hypothesis is that such a computer based representation of philosophical systems can give insight into their conceptual structure. We argue that computer aided text analysis can apply knowledge representation tools and techniques developed in artificial intelligence and we estimate how philosophers as well as knowledge engineers could gain from this cross-fertilization. This paper should be considered as an experiment report on the use of knowledge representation techniques in computer aided text analysis. It is part of a much broader project on the representation of conceptual structures in an expert system. However, we intentionally avoided technical issues related to either Computer Science or History of Philosophy to focus on the benefit to enhance traditional humanistic studies with tools and methods developed in AI on the one hand and the need to develop more appropriate tools on the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 305 (1995), S. 309-316 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: platyhelminths ; neuropeptides ; localisation ; isolation ; molecular studies ; physiological roles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides (pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, neuropeptide Y) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Confocal scanning laser microscopy ; Schistosoma mansoni (Scolecida, Trematoda)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and distribution of neuropeptides belonging to the pancreatic polypeptide family have been demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique in the nervous systems of adult male and female Schistosoma mansoni. Seven antisera of differing regional specificity to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were employed on both whole-mount and cryostat-sectioned material. Positive immunoreactivity (IR) was obtained with all antisera except an N-terminally-directed antiserum to NPY. In the CNS, immunoreactivity was restricted to cell bodies and nerve fibres in the anterior ganglia, central commissure and dorsal and ventral nerve cords of both sexes, whereas, in the PNS, positive-IR was present in the plexuses innervating the subtegumental musculature and the oral and ventral suckers. Intense immunoreactivity was observed in a plexus of nerve fibres and cell bodies in the lining of the gynaecophoric canal and in fine nerve fibres innervating the dorsal tubercles of the male. In contrast, in the female, strong immunoreactivity was evident in nerve plexuses innervating the lining of the ovovitelline duct and in the wall of the ootype, but most notably in a cluster of cells in the region of Mehlis' gland. Results suggest that molecules with C-terminal homology to the PP-family are present in S. mansoni. These peptides would appear to be important regulatory molecules in the parasite's nervous system and may play a role in the control of egg production.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study describes the effects of the H+ ionophore and anthelmintic closantel upon the in vitro motility and in vivo ultrastructure of the liver fluke,Fasciola hepatica. At a concentration of 50 μg/ml, closantel caused an initial stimulation, then suppression of activity, which was accompanied by an increase in muscle tone and led to a spastic paralysis within 2 h. The pattern of response was similar at lower concentrations, although the initial stimulation was not always evident, but the onset of paralysis could be reached more quickly. Scanning electron microscopy revealed gross surface damage from 24 h onwards in vivo, in the form of erosion of the anterior and posterior extremities of the fluke and large-scale sloughing of the tegument on both dorsal and ventral surfaces. Tegumental changes prior to sloughing included some swelling of the basal infolds and an apical accumulation of T1 secretory bodies. In the underlying tegumental cells there was reduced secretory activity and the mitochondria were consistently swollen and deformed. Reduced secretory activity was a feature of the gastrodermal cells as well; these cells were characterized by swollen, electron-lucent mitochondria, vesiculated GER cisternae and apical blebbing of packets of cytoplasm. The vitelline follicles became severely disrupted as a result of the breakdown of the nurse cell cytoplasm. The stem and intermediate type 1 (It1) cells rounded up and showed nuclear abnormalities. There did not appear to be a severe disruption of shell protein production in the intermediate vitelline cells, but there was a noticeable absence of glycogen in the mature vitelline cells. The effects of closantel are discussed in relation to its proposed mode of action as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.
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