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  • Articles  (129)
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  • Articles  (129)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of Si〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Ge〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 Laterally Graded Crystals for Use in High Brilliance Synchrotron Beams (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 308-311 (May 1999), p. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.308-311.597.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-flux normal incidence monochromator for circularly polarized synchrotron radiation (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1032-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 6.5-m normal incidence monochromator installed at the storage ring BESSY, which is optimized for a high throughput of circularly polarized off-plane radiation at moderate resolution is described. The monochromator employs two exit slits and is specially designed and used for low-signal experiments such as spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy on solids, adsorbates, free atoms, and molecules. The Monk–Gillieson mounting (plane grating in a convergent light beam) allows for large apertures with relatively little astigmatism. With two gratings, a flux of more than 1011 photons s−1 bandwidth−1 (0.2–0.5 nm) with a circular polarization of more than 90% in the wavelength range from 35 to 675 nm is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138655
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarimeter for soft x rays (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5090-5090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: During the past few years the magnetic circular dichroism effect (MCD) has become an increasingly important tool for studying magnetic materials and their surfaces. The employment of MCD is based on the use of circularly polarized soft x rays, which can be obtained from electron storage rings. Circularly polarized x rays appear either as off-plane bending magnet radiation or radiation from special undulator devices, e.g., crossed or helical ones. However, an unsolved problem has been the independent and simple measurement of the polarization of this radiation. At BESSY, we have developed a new compact polarimeter. The instrument consists of four major elements. There are (i) a pinhole to select the desired part of the photon emission cone and (ii) a 100-period Cr/C multilayer to serve as a monochromator with a spectral resolution power of 50. The angle of incidence is set to 15.9° to meet 718 eV photon energy that corresponds to a maximum MCD effect close to the Fe 2p threshold excitation energy. There are also (iii) a 50 nm Fe film on 3 μm Mylar foil to show the MCD effect in photon transmission (the foil is mounted under 45° to the photon beam and can be magnetized in the plane of the Fe film) and (iv) a Si-pin diode to measure the transmitted photon flux. The assembly fulfills the following requirements: (1) insensitive to linearly polarized and unpolarized light, (2) performance at high heat load, (3) reliability and long term stability also in air, (4) wavelength sensitivity, and (5) fast readout capability. In future work the polarimeter can be employed for the characterization of helical undulators such as the BESSY II UE56, which cover the range of the Fe 2p threshold. With foils of other transition metal or rare-earth materials, the sensitive photon energy range can be extended.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364459
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic x-ray dichroism in core level photoemission from ferromagnets (abstract) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6152-6152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the novel effect of magnetic dichroism in core level photoemission from ferromagnets with circularly polarized synchrotron radiation in the soft x-ray range. Depending on the relative orientation of photon spin and sample magnetization (parallel or antiparallel), a single core level emission line may be resolved into two lines of different intensities. The mechanism is shown to be due to spin-selective dipole transitions from exchange-split core levels in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. Experiments on the 2p1/2 and 2p3/2levels of Fe are compared to fully relativistic photoemission calculations. Rather good qualitative and quantitative agreement is found. The effect does not rely on the spin-split empty density of states near the Fermi energy, but probes the exchange splitting of core levels directly. Because of its surface sensitivity, x-ray dichroism in photoemission may serve as a new powerful tool in surface and interface magnetism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348789
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The BESSY wiggler/undulator-TGM-5 beamline (invited) : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1445-1450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In actual performance, the 35 pole wiggler/undulator (W/U) at BESSY has been shown to deliver 50 to 250 times more flux than a TGM with 10 mrad of dipole radiation under otherwise comparable conditions. The beamline, laid out for photon energies from 15 to 400 eV, has been calibrated and the resolution measured at several energies. Interactions of the W/U with the storage ring have been studied and, in part, corrected for: the working point does not change in either direction (〈10%) as the gap is varied and the electron beam position in the ring remains constant to within 10 μm and the angle of emission of the SR from the ring to within 5 μrad for K≤2.7. The reduction of the lifetime of the electron beam in the ring and the change in the vertical size of the beam as a function of the gap are typical of the problems associated with the interaction of such a device on a high brightness ring. The beamline has been in normal user operation for over a year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140960
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A detector for circular polarization of soft x rays (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2485-2489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: To satisfy the increasing need for research using circularly polarized x rays we present a compact prototype of a polarization detector based on magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in bulk transmission using a multilayer at grazing incidence as bandpass filter. The detector features reliability, heat load stability, and for Fe-MCD a polarization sensitivity from 700 to 740 eV. The technique can be easily extended to the L edges of other 3d transition elements giving rise to other energy ranges by just tuning the incidence angle and changing the material of the transmission foil. The detector calibration was made using off plane bend magnet radiation at the BESSY I storage ring and it turns out that the polarization degree of an unknown source can be well detected within a 3% error rms. The detector dimensions are less than 10 cm and only modest vacuum conditions are required. Once calibrated in white light, it can be used to determine the degree of circular polarization behind monochromators, insertion devices as well as in polychromatic light with up to 100 Hz repetition rate without any rotation of its components. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monochromators for the undulator U49 at the BESSY II storage ring : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1777-1779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two types of monochromators will be built for use on the planned soft x-ray undulator U49 of the BESSY II storage ring: A plane grating monochromator using the plane grating focusing condition and a spherical grating monochromator using the spherical grating focusing condition. The optical layout of the instruments and calculated performance data, i.e., spectral resolution, grating efficiencies, and available photon flux are presented for the photon energy range available from the U49, 137–1516 eV in the first, third, and fifth harmonic. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145847
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray supermirrors for BESSY II (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4845-4846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray multilayer supermirrors for the energy range up to 20 keV have been theoretically studied and experimentally measured with synchrotron radiation. A multilayer mirror with 50 W/Si bilayers with different thicknesses on the Si substrate has a smooth reflectivity of up to 32% in the whole energy range from 5 to 22 keV at a grazing incidence angle of 0.32° which is considerably larger than using total external reflection. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146162
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilayer transmission phase shifters for the carbon K edge and the water window : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1513-1516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multilayer transmission filter with 100 periods Cr/C has been produced in order to achieve a significant phase retardation for photon energies just below the carbon K edge. The phase retardation of this device was characterized and despite being smaller than expected the filter was suitable for the polarization characterization of a soft x-ray beamline with a primary standard. Neither the filter nor the beamline were found to change their characteristics in the course of seven months. Considering the state of the art of multilayer coatings additional model calculations show that these transmission filters can be applied also at 400 eV photon energy with an upper limit at 500 eV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145894
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cleaning of carbon contaminated vacuum ultraviolet-optics: Influence on surface roughness and reflectivity : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instructumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1428-1431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The loss of transmission of optical elements by irradiation is a big problem of all synchrotron radiation laboratories. A major reason for the reduced transmission is the contamination with graphitic carbon that is due to adsorbed and cracked hydrocarbons. In accordance with earlier experiments at other storage rings, a cleaning procedure was developed at BESSY which consists of an oxygen discharge suspended by an rf cavity. The atomic oxygen that is created in the plasma reacts with the carbon to CO and CO2 and dissolves from the surface. The investigations focused on the items: (a) influence of the cleaning procedure on the reflectivity, (b) its influence on the surface roughness of the optical element, and (c) transfer of the procedure to other elements (e.g., vacuum ultraviolet detectors, diodes, different substrates). For an in-situ check of the cleaning efficiency, the reflectivity of gold-and carbon-coated test samples was measured before and after cleaning using the BESSY HE-TGM 2 beamline. The microroughness was investigated employing different surface sensitive techniques like scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and interferometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143034
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