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  • 1
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    The link between tectonics and sedimentation in back-arc basins: new genetic constraints from the analysis of the Pannonian Basin (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Tectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-14
    Description: The architecture of sedimentary basins reflects the relationship between accommodation space and sediment supply, their rates and localization being variable during basin evolution. The mechanisms driving the interplay between tectonics and sedimentation in extensional back-arc basins overlying rheological weak zones inherited from an earlier orogenic evolution are less understood. A typical example is the Pannonian back-arc basin of Central Europe. It is floored by continental lithosphere and was affected by large amounts of extension driven by the subduction roll-back that took place in the Carpathians and/or Dinarides. A novel kinematic and seismic sequence stratigraphic interpretation calibrated by wells allows the quantification of the link between the formation of half-grabens and coeval sedimentation in the Great Hungarian Plain part of the basin. While the lower order tectonic induced cycles characterize the main phases of extension in various sub-basins, the higher order cyclicity and associated unconformities define individual moments of fault (re-)activation. Our novel interpretation of a temporal and spatial migration of extension during Miocene times explains the contrasting present-day strike of various sub-basins as a result of their gradual clockwise rotation. Incorporating the observed asymmetry, in particular the associated footwall exhumation, infers that the amount of extension is much larger than previously thought. The quantitative link between tectonics and sedimentation has allowed the definition of a novel model of sedimentation in asymmetric basins that can be ported to other natural scenarios of similarly hyper-extended back-arc basins observed elsewhere.
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: A model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modeling (2011)
    Wiley
    In: Tectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-08
    Description: Inferences from analogue models support lithospheric folding as the primary response to large-scale shortening manifested in the present day topography of Iberia. This process was active from the late Oligocene-early Miocene during the Alpine orogeny and was probably enhanced by reactivation of inherited Variscan faults. The modeling results confirm the dependence of fold wavelength on convergence rate and hence the strength of the layers of the lithosphere such that fold wavelength is longest for fast convergence rates favoring whole lithosphere folding. Folding is associated with the formation of dominantly pop-up type mountain ranges in the brittle crust and thickening of the ductile layers in the synforms of the buckle folds by flow. The mountain ranges are represented by upper crustal pop-ups forming the main topographic relief. The wavelengths of the topographic uplifts, both, in model and nature suggest mechanical decoupling between crust and mantle. Moreover, our modeling results suggest that buckling in Iberia took place under rheological conditions where the lithospheric mantle is stronger than the lower crust. The presence of an indenter, inducing oblique shortening in response to the opening of the King's Trough in the north western corner of the Atlantic Iberian margin controls the spacing and obliquity of structures. This leads to the transfer of the deformation from the moving walls towards the inner part of the model, creating oblique structures in both brittle and ductile layers. The effect of the indenter, together with an increase on the convergence rate produced more complex brittle structures. These results show close similarities to observations on the general shape and distribution of mountain ranges and basins in Iberia, including the Spanish Central System and Toledo Mountains.
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Kinematics of back-arc inversion of the Western Black Sea Basin (2011)
    Wiley
    In: Tectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: Back-arc basin evolution is driven by processes active at the main subduction zone typically assuming the transition from an extensional back-arc, during the retreat of a mature slab, to a contractional basin, during high-strain collisional processes. Such a transition is observed in the Black Sea, where the accurate quantification of shortening effects is hampered by the kinematically unclear geometries of Cenozoic inversion. By means of seismic profiles interpretation, quantified deformation features and associated syn-tectonic geometries on the Romanian offshore, this study demonstrates that uplifted areas, observed by exploration studies, form a coherent thick-skinned thrust system with N-ward vergence. Thrusting inverted an existing geometry made up by successive grabens that were inherited from the Cretaceous extensional evolution. The shortening started during late Eocene times and gradually affected all areas of the Western Black Sea Basin during Oligocene and Miocene times, deformation being coherently correlated across its western margin. The mechanism of this generalized inversion is the transmission of stresses during the collision recorded in the Pontides-Balkanides system. Syn-tectonic sedimentation in the Western Black Sea demonstrates that this process was continuous and took place through the onset of gradual shortening migrating northward. Although the total amount of shortening is roughly constant in an E-W direction, individual thrusts have variable offsets, deformation being transferred between structures located at distance across the strike of the system. The Black Sea example demonstrates that the vergence and offset of thrusts can change rapidly along the strike of such a compressional back-arc system. This generates apparently contrasting geometries that accommodate the same orogenic shortening.
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
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    Sea level change. Inherited landscapes and sea level change (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: Enabled by recently gained understanding of deep-seated and surficial Earth processes, a convergence of views between geophysics and sedimentary geology has been quietly taking place over the past several decades. Surface topography resulting from lithospheric memory, retained at various temporal and spatial scales, has become the connective link between these two methodologically diverse geoscience disciplines. Ideas leading to the hypothesis of plate tectonics originated largely with an oceanic focus, where dynamic and mostly horizontal movements of the crust could be envisioned. But when these notions were applied to the landscapes of the supposedly rigid plate interiors, there was less success in explaining the observed anomalies in terrestrial topography. Solid-Earth geophysics has now reached a developmental stage where vertical movements can be measured and modeled at meaningful scales and the deep-seated structures can be imaged with increasing resolution. Concurrently, there have been advances in quantifying mechanical properties of the lithosphere (the solid outer skin of Earth, usually defined to include both the crust and the solid but elastic upper mantle above the asthenosphere). The lithosphere acts as the intermediary that transfers the effects of mantle dynamics to the surface. These developments have allowed us to better understand the previously puzzling topographic features of plate interiors and continental margins. On the sedimentary geology side, new quantitative modeling techniques and holistic approaches to integrating source-to-sink sedimentary systems have led to clearer understanding of basin evolution and sediment budgets that allow the reconstruction of missing sedimentary records and past geological landscapes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cloetingh, Sierd -- Haq, Bilal U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):1258375. doi: 10.1126/science.1258375.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. ; National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, USA. Sorbonne, Pierre & Marie Curie University, and CNRS, UMR 7193, ISTeP, F-75005 Paris, France. bilhaq@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Oblique Contractional Reactivation of Inherited Heterogeneities: Cause For Arcuate Orogens (2017)
    Wiley
    In: Tectonics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-19
    Description: We use lithospheric-scale analogue models to study the reactivation of preexisting heterogeneities under oblique shortening, and its relation to the origin of arcuate orogens. Reactivation of inherited rheological heterogeneities is an important mechanism for localization of deformation in compressional settings and consequent initiation of contractional structures during orogenesis. However, the presence of an inherited heterogeneity in the lithosphere is in itself not sufficient for its reactivation once the continental lithosphere is shortened. The heterogeneity orientation is important in determining if reactivation occurs and to which extent. This study aims at giving insights on this process by means of analogue experiments in which a linear lithospheric heterogeneity trends with various angles to the shortening direction. In particular, the key parameter investigated is the orientation (angle α) of a strong domain (SD) with respect to the shortening direction. Experimental results show that angles α ≥ 75° (high obliquity) allow for reactivation along the entire SD and the development of a linear orogen. For α ≤ 60° (low obliquity) the models are characterized by the development of an arcuate orogen, with the SD remaining partially non-reactivated. These results provide a new mechanism for the origin of some arcuate orogens, in which orocline formation was not driven by indentation or subduction processes, but by oblique shortening of inherited heterogeneities, as exemplified by the Ouachita orogen of the southern U.S.
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal modelling of apatite fission-track data; constraints on thermo-mechanical rifting models
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Radiation Applications & Instrumentation. Part D, 21 (1993), S. 601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-0189
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(93)90236-3
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural network analyses of stress-induced overpressures in the Pannonian Basin (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 121 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Artificial neural networks can learn relationships between sediment characteristics (burial depth, composition, coordinates and thickness of overlying Quaternary deposits) and overpressures from well data, after which they can interpolate and extrapolate to areas and depths not covered by wells. We analyse data from the south-eastern part of the Pannonian Basin. We use a neural network for analysing fluid overpressures because of the complex interaction of the key variables, making it difficult to derive the functional relationships required for a statistical analysis. The optimal topology of the network (number of hidden layers and neurons) is found by minimizing the network's training and testing errors. The optimal design of the network resembles the interactions scheme of the key variables.The Pannonian Basin, originally formed in an extensional regime, has been in a compressive state of stress since Late Pliocene, causing anomalous subsidence patterns. Numerical forward modelling of compaction-driven fluid overpressures shows that, due to an increase in the level of compressive interplate stress, the fluid overpressures in the deep subbasins have increased substantially since Late Pliocene, giving rise to a very high overpressure (up to 45 MPa) at present. The neural network analyses provide an independent estimate of the current amount of overpressuring in this basin, complementing the numerical forward modelling results. The overpressure profiles obtained by the two modelling approaches are in excellent agreement, showing the same magnitude of overpressures, a reversal of the overpressure in the deepest parts of the subbasins and a general decrease of the overpressure from SW to NE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb05731.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Finite-Difference Technique to Incorporate Spatial Variations In Rigidity and Planar Faults Into 3-D Models For Lithospheric Flexure (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 117 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We present a finite-difference formulation for 3-D elastic flexure of the lithosphere, which is solved by a direct-matrix method. to incorporate the effect of spatial variations in rigidity, additional terms for the bi-harmonic 3-D flexure equation have been derived from a variational displacement formulation as used in finite-element methods. Additionally, planar faults are treated as discontinuities. These are implemented by an additional degree of freedom for fault heave, and a coupled continuum equation for zero-differential tilting across the fault. the 3-D finite-difference results have been tested for line loads, point loads and disc loads by analytical solutions, and for spatial variation in effective elastic thickness (EET) by 2-D finite-difference solutions. Fault-related flexure patterns are compared to the 2-D analytical broken-plate model developed by Vening-Meinesz (1950). We subsequently apply the 3-D fault model to investigate fault controlled 3-D basement geometries in Lake Tanganyika (East Africa). We show that our model is capable of predicting 3-D basement geometries, characteristically observed in rifted basins. the modelling results indicate that fault-controlled upper crustal flexure patterns are associated with low values for EET. A comparison with regional scale-model studies, showing a superposition of high EET flexure effects, supports a multilayered rheological control on continental rifting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb03311.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crustal structure of the eastern Mediterranean inferred from Rayleigh wave dispersion
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 51 (1980), S. 336-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90215-0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why does near ridge extensional seismicity occur primarily in the Indian Ocean?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 82 (1987), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(87)90110-5
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