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  • Articles  (28)
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  • Articles  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulic architecture and water relations of Spartium junceum branches affected by a mycoplasm disease (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plant water relations, xylem anatomy and the hydraulic architecture of 1-year-old twigs of Spartium junceum, both healthy and affected by a phytoplasm disease, were studied. The disease causes twigs to be either shortened (witches broom disease, WBD) or flat (fasciate disease, FD). WBD twigs show a sevenfold increase in total leaf area, smaller and shorter xylem conduits, a higher stomatal conductance (gl) and a decline of minimum leaf water potentials (Ψl) below the turgor loss point. FD twigs had nearly twice the leaf area of the healthy controls as well as high gl values and Ψl values below the turgor loss point. Moreover, significant differences between healthy and affected twigs in stem stomatal conductance (gs) and in the total stem area were recorded. Affected twigs die back under drought stress, which is explained by a pronounced loss of hydraulic conductivity of the infected stems (40 and 60%) in FD and WBD as well as by the unfavourable ratio of weighted conduit radius (Σr4) to total surface area (At), so that the efficiency of the stem in supplying the whole transpiring area with water is strongly reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00614.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The advanced fluid physics module: A technical description
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 11 (1991), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(91)90268-O
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial-to-radial water permeability of leaf major veins: a possible determinant of the impact of vein embolism on leaf hydraulics? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The leaf hydraulic conductance (KL) was measured in Prunus laurocerasus L. and Juglans regia L. in which previous measurements had revealed different impacts of dehydration on KL. Leaves of P. laurocerasus lost 8% of their KL at water potentials (ΨL) of −2.0 MPa. Leaflets of J. regia showed KL losses of 40% at ΨL = −1.0 MPa. When major veins were blocked using cyanoacrylate to simulate their embolism, the KL of P. laurocerasus was reduced by 57% but that of J. regia leaflets was reduced by 80%. Such differences were hypothesized to be due to different axial-to-radial permeabilites of major veins. Infiltration of leaves with Phoxine B revealed that P. laurocerasus major veins were largely leaky in the radial direction whereas those of J. regia leaflets showed prevailing axial water transport. Differences between species in terms of axial-to-radial water permeability were confirmed by measurements of changes of hydraulic resistance along the midrib. The two hydraulic models are discussed in terms of leaf vulnerability to embolism and plant adaptation to dry habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01092.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vulnerability to cavitation of leaf minor veins: any impact on leaf gas exchange? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vulnerability to cavitation of leaf minor veins and stems of Laurus nobilis L. was quantified together with that of leaflets, rachides and stems of Ceratonia siliqua L. during air-dehydration of 3-year-old branches. Embolism was estimated by counting ultrasound acoustic emissions (UAE) and relating them to leaf water potential (ΨL). The threshold ΨL for cavitation was less negative in L. nobilis than in C. siliqua according to the known higher drought resistance of the latter species. Leaf minor vein cavitation was also quantified by infiltrating leaves with fluorescein at different dehydration levels and observing them under microscope. Distinct decreases in the functional integrity of minor veins were observed during leaf dehydration, with high correlation between the two variables. The relationship between leaf conductance to water vapour (gL) and ΨL showed that stomata of L. nobilis closed in response to stem and not to leaf cavitation. However, in C. siliqua, gL decreased in coincidence to the leaf cavitation threshold, which was, nevertheless, very close to that of the stem. The hypothesis that stem cavitation acts as a signal for stomatal closure was confirmed, while the same role for leaf cavitation remains an open problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00734.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic relationships between Sicilian wild populations of Brassica analysed with RAPD markers (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Brassica comprises very variable species, both morphologically and genetically. Among these species, the Sicilian populations of Brassica sect. Brassica, species related to kale crops form a complex group. The genetic relationships among 15 populations occurring in Sicily and one from Calabria, representing the existing diversity, have been investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. This assay, carried out with 22 arbitrary primers, generated 236 polymorphic fragments, 21 of which were specific for single populations (mainly Brassica insularis, Brassica incana and Brassica macro-carpa). Jaccard's genetic distances were computed and the phylogenic tree was established using the UPGMA algorithm. The dendrogram obtained showed four branches grouping: (1) B. incana populations; (2) B. insularis and B. macrocarpa, occurring in small islands around Sicily; (3) B. rupestris populations; and (4) B. villosa populations. Within B. rupestris, only B. rupestris subsp. brevisiliqua was clustered in the B. villosa group. The classification obtained is discussed with regard to the morphological, ecological and geographical data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00589.x
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  • 6
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    Two tail-anchored protein variants, differing in transmembrane domain length and intracellular sorting, interact differently with lipids (2005)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-28
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Human consciousness is supported by dynamic complex patterns of brain signal coordination (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Adopting the framework of brain dynamics as a cornerstone of human consciousness, we determined whether dynamic signal coordination provides specific and generalizable patterns pertaining to conscious and unconscious states after brain damage. A dynamic pattern of coordinated and anticoordinated functional magnetic resonance imaging signals characterized healthy individuals and minimally conscious patients. The brains of unresponsive patients showed primarily a pattern of low interareal phase coherence mainly mediated by structural connectivity, and had smaller chances to transition between patterns. The complex pattern was further corroborated in patients with covert cognition, who could perform neuroimaging mental imagery tasks, validating this pattern’s implication in consciousness. Anesthesia increased the probability of the less complex pattern to equal levels, validating its implication in unconsciousness. Our results establish that consciousness rests on the brain’s ability to sustain rich brain dynamics and pave the way for determining specific and generalizable fingerprints of conscious and unconscious states.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Does citrus leaf miner impair hydraulics and fitness of citrus host plants? (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-24
    Description: Gas exchange and hydraulic features were measured in leaves of three different Citrus species ( Citrus aurantium L., Citrus limon L., Citrus  x  paradisii Macfad) infested by Phyllocnistis citrella Staiton, with the aim to quantify the impact of this pest on leaf hydraulics and, ultimately, on plant fitness. Infested leaves were characterized by the presence on the leaf blade of typical snake-shaped mines and, in some cases, of a crumpled leaf blade. Light microscopy showed that leaf crumpling was induced by damage to the cuticular layer. In all three Citrus species examined: (a) the degree of infestation did not exceed 10% of the total surface area of infested plants; (b) control and infested leaves showed similar values of minimum diurnal leaf water potential, leaf hydraulic conductance and functional vein density; and (c) maximum diurnal values of stomatal conductance to water vapour, transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate ( A n) were similar in both control leaves and the green areas of infested leaves. A strong reduction of A n was recorded only in mined leaf areas. Our data suggest that infestation with P. citrella does not cause conspicuous plant productivity reductions in young Citrus plants, at least not in the three Citrus species studied here.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Coping with drought-induced xylem cavitation: coordination of embolism repair and ionic effects in three Mediterranean evergreens (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Embolism repair and ionic effects on xylem hydraulic conductance have been documented in different tree species. However, the diurnal and seasonal patterns of both phenomena and their actual role in plants' responses to drought-induced xylem cavitation have not been thoroughly investigated. This study provides experimental evidence of the ability of three Mediterranean species to maintain hydraulic function under drought stress by coordinating the refilling of xylem conduits and ion-mediated enhancement of stem hydraulic conductance ( K stem ). Vessel grouping indices and starch content in vessel-associated parenchyma cells were quantified to verify eventual correlations with ionic effects and refilling, respectively. Experiments were performed on stems of Ceratonia siliqua L., Olea europaea L. and Laurus nobilis L. Seasonal, ion-mediated changes in K stem ( K stem ) and diurnal and/or seasonal embolism repair were recorded for all three species, although with different temporal patterns. Field measurements of leaf specific stem hydraulic conductivity showed that it remained quite constant during the year, despite changes in the levels of embolism. Starch content in vessel-associated parenchyma cells changed on diurnal and seasonal scales in L. nobilis and O. europaea but not in C. siliqua . Values of K stem were significantly correlated with vessel multiple fraction values (the ratio of grouped vessels to total number of vessels). Our data suggest that the regulation of xylem water transport in Mediterranean plants relies on a close integration between xylem refilling and ionic effects. These functional traits apparently play important roles in plants' responses to drought-induced xylem cavitation.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Diurnal changes in embolism rate in nine dry forest trees: relationships with species-specific xylem vulnerability, hydraulic strategy and wood traits (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-28
    Description: Recent studies have reported correlations between stem sapwood capacitance ( C wood ) and xylem vulnerability to embolism, but it is unclear how C wood relates to the eventual ability of plants to reverse embolism. We investigated possible functional links between embolism reversal efficiency, C wood , wood density (WD), vulnerability to xylem embolism and hydraulic safety margins in nine woody species native to dry sclerophyllous forests with different degrees of iso versus anisohydry. Substantial inter-specific differences in terms of seasonal/diurnal changes of xylem and leaf water potential, maximum diurnal values of transpiration rate and xylem vulnerability to embolism formation were recorded. Significant diurnal changes in percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) were recorded for five species. Significant correlations were recorded between diurnal PLC changes and P 50 and P 88 values (i.e., xylem pressure inducing 50 and 88% PLC, respectively) as well as between diurnal PLC changes and safety margins referenced to P 50 and P 88 . WD was linearly correlated with minimum diurnal leaf water potential, diurnal PLC changes and wood capacitance across all species. In contrast, significant relationships between P 50 , safety margin values referenced to P 50 and WD were recorded only for the isohydric species. Functional links between diurnal changes in PLC, hydraulic strategies and WD and C wood are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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