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  • Articles  (64)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence stratigraphic distribution of diagenetic alterations in coal-bearing, paralic sandstones: evidence from the Rio Bonito Formation (early Permian), southern Brazil (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Linking siliciclastic diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy allows a better understanding of the parameters controlling the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations, and hence of reservoir quality. A study of the coal-bearing, alluvial, deltaic, estuarine and shallow-marine sandstones of the Rio Bonito Formation, early Permian, Paraná Basin (southern Brazil), reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Calcite, dolomite, siderite, kaolinite and pyrite cementation is consistently linked to sequence and parasequence boundaries, transgressive and maximum flooding surfaces and is systematically distributed within lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Diagenesis of coal layers at parasequence boundaries has promoted the formation of stratabound calcite (detectable in resistivity wire line logs), concretionary pyrite and kaolinite and of silicate grain dissolution in sandstones located above and below these boundaries, particularly in the transgressive systems tract. Meteoric water diagenesis caused grain dissolution and the formation of kaolinite in sandstones below sequence boundaries and in lowstand systems tract sandstones. Carbonate bioclasts and low sedimentation rates in lag deposits at parasequence boundaries, transgressive and maximum flooding surfaces favoured the formation of grain-rimming siderite. The results of this study are relevant to the exploration of coal-bed methane and other coal-bearing reservoirs, where it is crucial to unravel and predict the distribution and quality of reservoirs and compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00586.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagenesis of a mixed siliciclastic/evaporitic sequence of the Middle Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic), the Catalan Coastal Range, NE Spain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Middle Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of the Catalan Coastal Range (north-east Spain) comprises sandstone, mudstone, anhydrite and minor carbonate layers. Interbedded sandstones and mudstones which are dominant in the north-eastern parts of the basin are terminal alluvial fan deposits. South-westward in the basin, the rocks become dominated by interbedded evaporites and mudstones deposited in sabkha/mudflat environments. The diagenetic and pore water evolution patterns of the Middle Muschelkalk suggest a strong facies control. During eodiagenesis, formation of microdolomite, anhydrite, baryte, magnesite, K-feldspar and mixed-layer chlorite/smectite was favoured within and adjacent to the sabkha/mudflat facies, whereas calcite, haematite, mixed-layer illite/smectite and quartz formed mainly in the alluvial facies. Low δ18OSMOW values for microdolomite (+23.7 to +28.4%) and K-feldspar overgrowths (+17.3 to +17.7%) suggest either low-temperature, isotopic disequilibrium or precipitation from low-18O porewaters. Low-18O waters might have developed, at least in part, during low-temperature alteration of volcanic rock fragments. During mesodiagenesis, precipitation of quartz overgrowths and coarse dolomite occurred in the alluvial sandstones, whereas recrystallization of microdolomite was dominant in the sabkha/mudflat facies. The isotopic compositions of these mesogenetic phases reflect increasing temperature during burial. Upon uplift and erosion, telogenetic calcite and trace haematite precipitated in fractures and replaced dolomite. The isotopic composition of the calcite (δ18OSMOW=+21.5 to +25.6%o; δ13C= 7.7 to - 5.6%o) and presence of haematite indicate infiltration of meteoric waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1995.tb00407.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagenesis and formation water chemistry of Triassic reservoir sandstones from southern Tunisia (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 41 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The fluvial Triassic reservoir subarkoses and arkoses (2409·5–2519·45 m) of the El Borma oilfield, southern Tunisia, were subjected to cementation by haematite, anatase, infiltrated clays, kaolinite and K-feldspar at shallow burial depths from meteoric waters. Subsequently, basinal brines controlled the diagenetic evolution of the sandstones and resulted initially in the precipitation of quartz overgrowths, magnesian siderite, minor ferroan magnesite and anhydrite. The enrichment of siderite in 12C isotope (δ13CPDB= - 14·5 to - 9‰) results from derivation of carbon from the thermal decarboxylation of organic matter. During further burial, the precipitation of dickite and pervasive transformation of kaolinite into dickite occurred, followed by the formation of microcrystalline K-feldspar and quartz, chlorite and illite, prior to the emplacement of oil. Present day formation waters are Na-Ca-Cl brines evolved by the evaporation of seawater and water/mineral interaction and are in equilibrium with the deep burial (≤ 3·1 km) minerals. These waters are suggested to be derived from the underlying Silurian and Devonian dolomitic mudstones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01452.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in siliciclastic rocks: implications for mass transfer in sedimentary basins (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 47 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in siliciclastic sequences is controlled by a complex array of interrelated parameters that prevail during eodiagenesis, mesodiagenesis and telodiagenesis. The spatial distribution of near-surface eogenetic alteration is controlled by depositional facies, climate, detrital composition and relative changes in sea-level. The most important eogenetic alterations in continental sediments include silicate dissolution and the formation of kaolinite, smectite, calcrete and dolocrete. In marine and transitional sediments, eogenetic alterations include the precipitation of carbonate, opal, microquartz, Fe-silicates (glaucony, berthierine and nontronite), sulphides and zeolite. The eogenetic evolution of marine and transitional sediments can probably be developed within a predictable sequence stratigraphic context. Mesodiagenesis is strongly influenced by the induced eogenetic alterations, as well as by temperature, pressure and the composition of basinal brines. The residence time of sedimentary sequences under certain burial conditions is of key importance in determining the timing, extent and patterns of diagenetic modifications induced. The most important mesogenetic alterations include feldspar albitization, illitization and chloritization of smectite and kaolinite, dickitization of kaolinite, chemical compaction as well as quartz and carbonate cementation. Various aspects of deep-burial mesodiagenesis are still poorly understood, such as: (i) whether reactions are accomplished by active fluid flow or by diffusion; (ii) the pattern and extent of mass transfer between mudrocks and sandstones; (iii) the role of hydrocarbon emplacement on sandstone diagenesis; and (iv) the importance and origin of fluids involved in the formation of secondary inter- and intragranular porosity during mesodiagenesis. Uplift and incursion of meteoric waters induce telogenetic alterations that include kaolinitization and carbonate-cement dissolution down to depths of tens to a few hundred metres below the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00007.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of micas and chlorite in Proterozoic acid metavolcanics and associated rocks from the Hästefält area, Norberg ore district, central Sweden (1988)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 100 (1988), S. 19-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Microprobe analyses are performed on micas (biotite, muscovite and phlogopite) and chlorite from 1.9–1.8 Ga acid K- or Na-rich metavolcanics, cordierit-emica schists and manganiferous rocks from the Hästefält area in central Sweden. The results indicate that Fe-rich biotites and muscovites containing ≥10 to ≤25% celadonite and/or pyrophyllite are common in the K- and Na-rich metavolcanics. In the cordierite-mica schists the biotites are Mg-rich and the muscovites contain less than 10% celadonite and/or pyrophyllite. The predominant mica in the manganiferous rocks are phlogopite and less frequent rather pure muscovite. The chlorites show a wide range in composition, but principally those occurring in the K- and Na-rich metavolcanics are brunsvigite and diabantite and those in the cordierite-mica schists and the manganiferous rocks are mainly sheridanite and clinochlore. The chlorites of the manganiferous rocks show enrichment in Mn compared to those in other rock types. In general the compositional variations in the micas and less commonly chlorites are strongly controlled by rock type and fluid chemistry, particularly with respect to the ratio of FeO/(FeO+MgO). Estimates of maximum prograde metamorphic temperature, based on phyllosilicates and co-existing cordierite and garnets, indicate a value of up to 500° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399437
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  • 6
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    10Be in rhodochrosite nodules from Neogene sediments along the Galapagos Ridge, equatorial Pacific (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-583X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9584
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
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    Chloritization in Proterozoic granite from the Aspo Laboratory, southeastern Sweden: record of hydrothermal alterations and implications for nuclear waste storage (2011)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-16
    Description: Hydrothermal alteration of Proterozoic granitic rocks in the Aspo underground laboratory, southestern Sweden, resulted in the formation of chlorite with large variations in textural and chemical characteristics, which reflect differences in formation temperatures, fluid composition, and reaction mechanisms. The mineral assemblage associated with chlorite, including Ca-Al silicates (prehnite, pumpellyite, epidote, and titanite), Fe-oxides, calcite, albite and K-feldspar, suggests that chloritization occurred at temperatures of between 200-350{degrees}C during various hydrothermal events primarily linked to magmatism and rock deformation. Petrographic and electron microprobe analyses revealed that chlorite replaced biotite, amphibole and magnetite, and hydrothermal chlorite phases filled fractures and vugs in the granitic rocks. While fracture-filling chlorite reduces fracture permeability, chloritization reactions in the host granite resulted in the formation of new localized microporosity that should thus be taken into consideration when evaluating the safety of the granitic basement rocks as a repository for nuclear waste. It is also important to take into account that similar alteration reactions may occur at the site of stored nuclear waste where temperatures in excess of 100{degrees}C might be encountered.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 8
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    Impact of Stylolitization On Fluid Flow and Diagenesis in Foreland Basins: Evidence from an Upper Jurassic Carbonate Gas Reservoir, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (2018)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉The role of stylolites in the diagenetic evolution and resulting reservoir quality of an Upper Jurassic carbonate sour-gas reservoir, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, was examined using petrographic, isotopic, fluid-inclusion microthermometric, and Raman spectroscopic analyses. Better reservoir quality in the crest than in the flank of the studied anticline is attributed to more common stylolites and particularly the higher amplitude of those in the flank. The preservation of reservoir quality in the crest is attributed to gas emplacement, which is considered to slow diagenesis, including limestone dissolution. Incipient stylolitization occurred during the initial burial stage (i.e., from deposition but before obduction of the Oman ophiolites) before gas emplacement across the anticline, and continued in the flanks of the anticline during a second burial stage (after obduction to current burial depths), but stopped or slowed in the crest. The presence of saddle dolomite, calcite, fluorite, and sphalerite cements, and of gas in fluid inclusions along stylolites, indicates that these have acted as conduits for fluid flow. Low δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O〈sub〉VPDB〈/sub〉 values, high homogenization temperatures, and high salinity of fluid inclusions in these cements suggest that the fluids circulating along the stylolites were both hot and saline. Contrasting stylolite evolution between the crest and flanks of anticlinal structures in gas fields has significantly controlled the distribution of reservoir quality. Linking the history of stylolite formation and associated diagenesis to the tectonic evolution of carbonate successions improves the models constraining the impact of diagenesis on evolution of reservoir quality in foreland basins.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3681
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 9
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    Origin and evolution of microporosity in packstones and grainstones in a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, United Arab Emirates (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-23
    Description: Microporosity in carbonate reservoirs is generated by the complex interplay between depositional and diagenetic processes. This petrographical, SEM, fluid-inclusion and isotopic study of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, Abu Dhabi, UAE, revealed that: (1) micritization of ooids and skeletal fragments, which resulted in spheroidal (rounded) micrite, accounts for most microporosity in peloidal packstones and grainstones; and (2) transformation of spheroidal micrite into subhedral/euhedral micrite and microspar, known as aggrading neomorphism, could happen via precipitation of syntaxial calcite overgrowths around micrite (micro-overgrowths) and not only, as suggested previously in the literature, by recrystallization involving the dissolution (of micrite) and reprecipitation (of microspar). Precipitation of calcite cement around micrite (i.e. destruction of microporosity) is more extensive in the water zone than in the oil zone, which is possibly contributing to the lower porosity and permeability of the carbonate reservoir in the water zone. Similarity in bulk oxygen isotopic values of micritized packstones and grainstones in the water and oil zones (average 18 O V-PDB =–7.2 and –7.8, respectively) is attributed to: (1) a small difference in temperatures between the crest (oil zone) and the flanks (water zone); and (2) calcite precipitation around micrite occurred prior and subsequent to oil emplacement. Bulk carbon and strontium isotopic compositions of micritized packstones and grainstones in the water and oil zones (average 13 C V-PDB =+3.7 and average 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios=0.707469) indicate that calcite cement was derived from marine porewaters and/or dissolution of the host limestones. The minimum formation temperatures of bulk micrite/microspar, which are inferred based on paragenetic relationships, fluid-inclusion microthermometry and oxygen isotope data, are around 58–78°C.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 10
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    Experimental and Numerical Study of Mixing in a Horizontal Hot-Water Storage Tank (2009)
    American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-10
    Description: Thermal mixing and stratification are explored experimentally in a horizontal cylindrical tank, which simulates a storage of water heated by a solar collector. The tank is 70 cm long and 24 cm in diameter. The study is conducted in a transient mode, namely, the tank is filled with hot water, which in the course of operation is replaced by the tap water in a stratified way or by mixing. The flow rates of 2 l/min, 3 l/min, 5 l/min, and 7 l/min are explored. Temperature of hot water is usually about 55°C, while the tap water is about 20°C. In the experiments, both flow visualization and temperature measurements are used. The effects of port location and deflector installation are examined. The experimental results are presented in a dimensionless form, as the normalized outlet temperature versus dimensionless time. Three-dimensional transient numerical simulations, done using the FLUENT 6 software, provide an additional insight in the process of mixing inside the tank.
    Print ISSN: 0199-6231
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-8986
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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