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  • Articles  (133)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0898-6568
    Keywords: T-Cell activation ; T-cell receptor ; gene regulation ; protein kinase C ; transcription factor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 342 (1994), S. 76-80 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Differentiation ; Protein kinase C ; Smooth Muscle Cell
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 16 (1995), S. 63-81 
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: Complex electrical resistivity ; ktb ; permeability ; pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Complex electrical resistivity and permeability were measured on two gneiss samples and nine amphibolites (originally located at a depth of 4150 m to 5012 m) from the main drilling of the German deep drilling project (KTB). Measurements were performed as a function of hydrostatic pressures up to 240 MPa on core samples (30 mm in diameter and 10–20 mm high). For each measurement, two samples were used, one being parallel, and one perpendicular to the borehole axis. At low pressures and again at maximum pressure the frequency dispersion (1 kHz up to 1 MHz) of the complex resistivity was measured using a two electrode device. An unusual pressure effect was detected on some of the samples and was established to be due to the oriented deposition of good conducting phases in the foliation. Rock fabric and the orientation of ore mineralization was measured on thin sections and polished sections prepared from the same samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words NE Bavaria ; Germany ; Zone Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss ; KTB pilot borehole (Vorbohrung) ; KTB main borehole (Hauptbohrung) ; Petrography ; Lithological associations ; Structural profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The KTB boreholes that were drilled from 1989 to 1994 near Windischeschenbach, NE Bavaria, penetrated rocks of the Zone Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss (ZEV). The upper and lower sections of the 9101m-deep profile are mainly composed of gneiss units (former greywacke sediments) and variegated units (alternating gneisses and metabasites, probably of volcano-sedimentary origin). Metabasic units (amphibolites, metagabbros) constitute mainly the middle section. Geochemical data suggest their derivation from oceanic crust. All rocks are probably pre- to early Ordovician in protolith age. They underwent early Devonian MP metamorphism. Relics of preceeding HP metamorphism are preserved in metagabbros. Felsic to mafic dykes (dominantly Upper Carboniferous lamprophyres) crosscut the metamorphic rocks. The ZEV units are steeply inclined down to the final depth. The main structures (foliation, folds, faults) trend NW–SE. Semibrittle to brittle deformation plays an unexpected important role. In contrast to the conditions of the Mesozoic (mainly Cretaceous/Tertiary) faulting the P–T conditions of MP metamorphism, the cooling ages and the late-Variscan graphite-bearing prehnite–actinolite facies mineralization show no significant depth-dependent gradients. This can be explained by Mesozoic supracrustal stacking. A bundle of reverse faults between 6850 and 7300 m belongs to the Franconian lineament and can be correlated with the most prominent seismic reflector (SE1) in the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: water vapor sorption ; deliquescence ; surface dissolution ; sodium chloride ; sodium salicylate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Water vapor sorption on unground and ground samples of sodium chloride and sodium salicylate at relative humidities below RHo, that at which deliquescence is initiated, has been measured. Sorption isotherms, expressed as the amount sorbed per unit area of solid surface, were different for unground and ground samples. Measurement of specific surface area for samples previously exposed to various relative humidities revealed no change with unground samples but a significant reduction with ground samples beyond about 20% relative humidity. Correcting isotherms for this change in area brings the results with ground and unground samples into closer agreement. These studies reveal that relatively low levels of water vapor sorption on crystalline water-soluble solids, below RHo, can give rise to some form of “surface dissolution” when the solid has been subjected to various forms of mechanical disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 3 (1986), S. 187-194 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: water vapor sorption ; starch–water interactions ; cellulose–water interactions ; polymer–water interactions ; water–polymer interactions ; water–excipient interactions ; excipient –water interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Water associated with polymeric pharmaceutical excipients derived from cellulose and starch can have a profound effect on the properties of the excipient and on the other ingredients making up a solid dosage form. Important questions which need to be addressed include How much water will be sorbed or desorbed at various relative humidities and temperatures? and What is the thermodynamic state of water associated with the solid as a function of moisture content? A critical review of the literature is presented to demonstrate the most likely answers to these questions. It appears that water exists in at least three thermodynamic states in starch, cellulose, and their derivatives: (1) water directly and tightly bound, with a stoichiometry of one water molecule per anhydroglucose unit; (2) water in a relatively unrestricted form, approaching the properties of bulk or pure liquid water; and (3) water in an intermediate state or states, with properties reflecting a much higher level of structure than bulk water but less than that of tightly bound water. Some implications of such behavior for pharmaceutical systems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: The Variscan, magnetite-bearing Soultz-sous-Forets granite is found between 1420 and 2230 m of the EPS-1 borehole situated in the Upper Rhine Graben (France). Our study focuses on the changes of magnetic properties that occur during the progressive hydrothermal alteration and fracturing of the Soultz granite after emplacement. The magnetic susceptibility ({kappa}) of the granite is between 10 and 80 x 10-3 SI, and suggests that ferrimagnetic minerals are the primary carrier. During cooling and later tectonic and hydrothermal overprints, including the formation of the Rhine Graben, the granite was deformed under brittle conditions and partially altered by hydrothermal fluids. Along with this fluid activity, oxidation of magnetite to hematite occurred and reduced {kappa} (< 1 x 10-3 SI). AMS analysis on oriented samples documents the history of progressive transformation from primary magmatic fabric to tectonic fabric during hydrothermal alteration and faulting. The fresh granite with multidomain magnetite grains shows sub-horizontal magnetic foliations and randomly oriented magnetic lineations within the foliation plane. This fabric is similar to the magmatic fabric reflected by biotite. Transformation of the magnetic fabric started with localized magnetite oxidation along NW-SE oriented micro-cracks, which are probably associated with a late-magmatic alteration (stage I). Elongated and co-aligned magnetite relics within the newly formed hematite caused a well-defined NW-SE trending magnetic lineation and steeper magnetic foliation. Later alteration associated with intense brittle deformation (stage II) initially adopted this magnetic fabric, but intense cataclasis destroyed it. The geometry and orientation of magnetic fabric clearly indicate a hydrothermal alteration, which relates to the acting tectonic stresses in the post-emplacement history of the Soultz granite.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-03-30
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-12-30
    Description: The study of shock pressure indicators can provide important clues for understanding the cratering process, though the estimation of shock pressures in weakly shocked rocks is commonly difficult. In this study, we selected a very young and well-preserved impact structure, the Lonar crater in India. The crater, devoid of any tectonic overprint, can be assumed as pristine. We used a combination of rock magnetic and microfracture studies to estimate shock pressure in the crater rim. On the basis of present results, the magnetic fabrics are interpreted to be of magmatic origin related to the Deccan basalt emplacement. The high-coercivity component of the natural remnant magnetization in the crater rim basalt is similar to that in the unshocked basalt. The lack of any shock-related magnetic overprint on the crater rim basalt is, therefore, evident in the Lonar crater. In contrast, radial and concentric microfractures observed in basalts at the crater rim and farther away show symmetric distribution with respect to the crater. The concentric microfractures consistently overprint the radial microfractures. We infer that the radial and concentric microfractures were developed during propagation of the early compressional and the late decompressional shock wave components, respectively. The results of our rock magnetic and microfracture studies, when interpreted in light of published experimental and numerical simulation studies on the Lonar basalt, reveal that the shock pressure in the Lonar crater rim was less than 0.5 GPa but greater than 0.2 GPa. This shock pressure was high enough to produce fractures but too low to affect the magnetic fabrics. These results give new information on the relationship between shock pressure and resulting microfractures.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-05-29
    Description: This study investigates the effects of shock waves on magnetic and microstructural behavior of multidomain magnetite from a magnetite-bearing ore, experimentally shocked to pressures of 5, 10, 20 and 30 GPa. Changes in apparent crystallite size and lattice parameter were determined by X-ray diffraction, and grain fragmentation and defect accumulation were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic properties were characterized by low-temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), susceptibility measurements around the Verwey transition as well as by hysteresis parameters at room temperature. It is established, that the shock-induced refinement of magnetic domains from MD to SD-PSD range is a result of cooperative processes including brittle fragmentation of magnetite grains, plastic deformation with shear bands and twins as well as structural disordering in form of molten grains and amorphous nano-clusters. Up to 10 GPa, a decrease of coherent crystallite size, lattice parameter, saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility, and an increase in coercivity, SIRM, width of Verwey transition is mostly associated with brittle grain fragmentation. Starting from 20 GPa, a slight recovery is documented in all magnetic and non-magnetic parameters. In particular, the recovery in SIRM is correlated with an increase of the lattice constant. The recovery effect is associated with the increasing influence of shock heating/annealing at high shock pressures. The strong decrease of magnetic susceptibility at 30 GPa is interpreted as a result of strong lattice damage and distortion. Our results unravel the microstructural mechanisms behind the loss of magnetization and the modification of magnetic properties of magnetite and contribute to our understanding of shock-induced magnetic phenomena in impacted rocks on earth and in meteorites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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