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  • Articles  (104)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Giant sandstone pipes crop out over a 20 000 km2 area of SE Utah. They range from metres to decametres in diameter and crosscut more than 100 m of continental sediments. New and published observations, encompassing all known pipe localities in SE Utah, suggest that the pipes formed by upward movement of groundwater, sand and sediment blocks in response to liquefaction of buried dune sands. Pipe formation was most likely triggered by seismicity during a phase of Cordilleran shortening and regional tectonic reorganization in the late Middle Jurassic. The depth of liquefaction recorded by the pipes far exceeds depths usually considered in earthquake engineering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Drilling, Copernicus Publications, 28, pp. 1-27, ISSN: 1816-3459
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Extrusive sandstone bodies are identified as entirely stratigraphic traps associated with sand injectites. They may be difficult to recognize but have four-way dip closure and are invariably connected through underlying lower permeability strata to parent sandbodies by sandstone dykes or transgressive sills that belong to sand injectite complexes. Extrusive sandstones (extrudites) constitute an immature exploration target, which is largely untested by deliberate exploration wells. Using seismic data alone, the distinction between extrudites and intrusive sills, and between extrudites and depositional sands, may be problematic. Sedimentological criteria may make differentiation possible when core is available. Extrudites are likely to have been drilled and misinterpreted as conventional deep-water turbidites within deep-water systems affected by sand injection.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-08-16
    Description: The Song Hong-Yinggehai (SH-Y) and Qiongdongnan (Qi) basins together form one of the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basins in SE Asia. Here we present new records based on the analysis of seismic data, which we compare to geochemical data derived from cores from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1148 in order to derive proxies for continental weathering and thus constrain summer monsoon intensity. The SH-Y Basin started opening during the Late Paleocene-Eocene. Two inversion phases are recognized to have occurred at c. 34 Ma and c. 15 Ma. The Qi Basin developed on the northern, rifted margin of South China Sea, within which a large canyon developed in a NE-SW direction. Geochemical and mineralogical data show that chemical weathering has gradually decreased in SE Asia after c. 25 Ma, whereas physical erosion became stronger, especially after c. 12 Ma. Summer monsoon intensification drove periods of faster erosion after 3-4 Ma and from 10-15 Ma, although the initial pulse of eroded sediment at 29.5-21 Ma was probably triggered by tectonic uplift because this precedes monsoon intensification at c. 22 Ma. Clay mineralogy indicates more physical erosion together with high sedimentation rates after c. 12 Ma suggesting a period of strong summer monsoon in the Mid-Miocene.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-12-11
    Description: Tunnel valleys on- and offshore Denmark have been investigated based on a database of 1000 km two-dimensional (2D) onshore seismic data, 5600 km 2D offshore seismic data and 1200 km2 three-dimensional (3D) offshore seismic data. From the 2D data we identified 216 onshore and 674 offshore seismic tunnel valley intersections, and 55 individual valleys were identified from three 3D surveys. The majority of the valleys have depths ranging from 50 to 200 m and widths between 500 and 1500 m. Up to seven generations of tunnel valleys were identified, indicating repeated erosion and deposition within the study area. The valleys were most likely formed by subglacial meltwater erosion during the last three glaciations. Statistical analyses conducted on the data show that there are no significant differences between the onshore and offshore valleys with respect to their depth and shape; they share morphological and structural characteristics. The onshore seismic data have been analysed in conjunction with lithological information from boreholes. The analyses show that tunnel valley bottoms terminate equally commonly in substrates dominated by clay and sand, and that the valley shapes are similar for the two substrates.
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  • 6
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    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 196: 209-233.
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: The Cenozoic evolution of the North Sea Basin is described, drawing on subsurface data and a series of palaeogeographical maps compiled from a variety of published studies, mainly emphasizing the development of the eastern part of the basin. A model that accounts for the sedimentation history of the North Sea Basin and the topography (including maximum and mean surface elevation) of southern Norway is proposed. The model involves regional plume-related uplift of an initial low-elevation peneplain in early Paleogene time followed by repeated episodes of climatic deterioration and eustatic fall, most notably at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, in late Mid-Miocene time, and eventually culminating with the development of full glacial conditions in southern Norway in Plio-Pleistocene time. These episodes correspond to periods of accelerated sediment supply from southern Norway that reflect increased rates of incision (dissection) of the source area. It is argued that the present-day elevation of 〉 2 km of mountain peaks in southern Norway adjacent to deep valleys and fjords could have been caused by isostatic uplift in response to dissection of a high-elevation peneplain. Hence it may not be necessary to invoke late Cenozoic tectonic uplift events to explain the present-day topography of southern Norway.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0264-8172
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4073
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-05-01
    Description: This paper presents an integrated seismic, petrophysical and analogue core study of the Mid-Eocene Grid deep-water Sandstone Member from the Nelson Field area, Central North Sea. Two possible turbiditic units were identified in seismic data. Grid 1 shows channel-like features and a complex stratigraphy whilst Grid 2 consists of scattered bright amplitude events (shown to be slumped shales and chalky limestones by cuttings analysis). Lower Eocene Tay Sandstone Member core from the nearby Gannet Field provided an analogue for sedimentary facies. This enabled petrophysical and seismic observations of the Grid Sandstone Member to be tied to sedimentological facies. An integrated model shows five facies associations and a complex reservoir quality distribution. A comparison with outcrop and seismic examples of channelized turbidites indicates that the Grid system represents a medium-scale channel complex, exhibiting multi-storey, nested offset stacking. This work presents a new example that provides a link between laboratory experiments on topographic interaction of turbidite flows with seismic-scale observations and facies determination. The Grid system also adds to our knowledge of Palaeogene turbidite evolution from sheet-like to channel-like forms and provides a useful analogue for improving hydrocarbon exploration and production efficiency in adjacent areas.
    Print ISSN: 1354-0793
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-04-01
    Description: Because of their potentially large volumes and excellent reservoir properties, winglike clastic intrusion complexes may represent stand-alone exploration targets. However, determining the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of such complexes is problematic because of limited exposure in the field and insufficient seismic resolution and well coverage in the subsurface. In this study, high-quality 3-D seismic reflection data from offshore Norway are used to determine the 3-D geometry of winglike intrusion complexes adjacent to a deep-water slope-channel complex. Intrusions form sheets or "wings" that are developed almost continuously along both margins of the 15-km (9-mi)-long channel complex. Intrusions dip up to 20{degrees} (more commonly
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-03-01
    Description: Gas hydrates in the shallow subsurface form one of the largest reservoirs of methane in the global organic carbon cycle. Seafloor seeps and associated features represent the venting points of methane released from the shallow lithosphere to the hydrosphere and atmosphere. Here we document the discovery of seep-related seafloor mounds in the Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola, and employ high-resolution three-dimensional seismic analysis to unravel the subsurface plumbing system and the origin of mounds. Mounds with distinct morphologies and geophysical signatures illustrate different development stages associated with the formation and dissociation of shallow gas hydrate, linked to thermogenic fluid migration along salt diapir flanks draining deeply buried salt minibasins. The mounds are more than an order of magnitude larger than previously described submarine hydrate pingoes, and comparable to hydraulic pingoes commonly found in terrestrial periglacial environments, suggesting hydrate volumes of individual mounds up to 1.1 × 106 m3 (equivalent to 2.0 × 108 m3 of methane gas). The interpretation of seismically well-defined seep-related seafloor mounds brings new insight to the occurrence and development of concentrated near-surface gas hydrate accumulations and their relationship with thermogenic fluid migration and host sediment properties along continental margins.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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