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  • Articles  (76)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-level wind response to mesoscale pressure systems (1983)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 27 (1983), S. 69-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations are presented which show a strong correlation between low-level wind behaviour (e.g., rotation near the surface) and the passage of mesoscale pressure systems. The latter are associated with frontal transition zones, are dominated by a pressure-jump line and a mesoscale high pressure area, and produce locally large horizontal pressure gradients. The wind observations are simulated by specifying a time sequence of perturbation pressure gradient and subsequently solving the vertically-integrated momentum equations with appropriate initial conditions. Very good agreement is found between observed and calculated winds; in particular, (i) a 360 ° rotation in wind on passage of the mesoscale high; (ii) wind-shift lines produced dynamically by the pressure-jump line; (iii) rapid linear increase in wind speed on passage of the pressure jump.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00119972
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface influence upon vertical profiles in the nocturnal boundary layer (1983)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 26 (1983), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Near-surface wind profiles in the nocturnal boundary layer, depth h, above relatively flat, tree-covered terrain are described in the context of the analysis of Garratt (1980) for the unstable atmospheric boundary layer. The observations at two sites imply a surface-based transition layer, of depth z *, within which the observed non-dimensional profiles Φ M 0 are a modified form of the inertial sub-layer relation $$\Phi _M \left( {{z \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {z L}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} L}} \right) = \left( {{{1 + 5_Z } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{1 + 5_Z } L}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} L}} \right)$$ according to $$\Phi _M^{\text{0}} \simeq \left( {{{1 + 5z} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{1 + 5z} L}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} L}} \right)\exp \left[ { - 0.7\left( {{{1 - z} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{1 - z} z}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} z}_ * } \right)} \right]$$ , where z is height above the zero-plane displacement and L is the Monin-Obukhov length. At both sites the depth z * is significantly smaller than the appropriate neutral value (z *N ) found from the previous analysis, as might be expected in the presence of a buoyant sink for turbulent kinetic energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164331
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary-layer effects on cold fronts at a coastline (1986)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 36 (1986), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present note discusses one physical mechanism which may contribute to cold air channelling, manifest as a frontal bulge on a surface-analysis chart, in the coastal region of Victoria in southeast Australia. This involves the modification of boundary-layer air in both offshore (prefrontal) and onshore (postfrontal) flow, and the effect on cross-frontal thermal contrast. The problem is discussed in terms of a north-south-oriented cold front behaving as an atmospheric gravity current, propagating along an east-west-oriented coastline, in the presence of a prefrontal offshore stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117461
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the impact of atmospheric thermal stability on the characteristics of nocturnal downslope flows (1990)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 51 (1990), S. 77-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The impacts of background (or ambient) and local atmospheric thermal stabilities, and slope steepness, on nighttime thermally induced downslope flow in meso-β domains (i.e., 20–200 km horizontal extent) have been investigated using analytical and numerical model approaches. Good agreement between the analytical and numerical evaluations was found. It was concluded that: (i) as anticipated, the intensity of the downslope flow increases with increased slope steepness, although the depth of the downslope flow was found to be insensitive to slope steepness in the studied situations; (ii) the intensity of the downslope flow is generally independent of background atmospheric thermal stability; (iii) for given integrated nighttime cooling across the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL), Q s the local atmospheric thermal stability exerts a strong influence on downslope flow behavior: the downslope flow intensity increases when local atmospheric thermal stability increases; and (iv) the downslope flow intensity is proportional to Q s 1/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120462
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations in the nocturnal boundary layer (1982)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 22 (1982), S. 21-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Low-latitude observations of the stably-stratified planetary boundary layer (SBL) above rough terrain are compared to observations of the mid-latitude SBL mainly through the depth h and its dependence upon surface fluxes. This involves the quantity h/L and the similarity prediction h = γ(u * L/f)1/2. Mid-latitude observations are consistent with model calculations for nighttime-averaged quantities and their deviations, as functions of latitude and surface roughness, from the equilibrium values found at large t. The above applies to horizontally-homogeneous terrain. Low-latitude observations of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafq4SdCMbae% baaaa!37AB!\[\bar \gamma \] and h/L are significantly smaller than mid-latitude values, apparently the result of katabatic flows at the site and not the differences in latitude. This is consistent with model calculations for non-zero slope terrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128054
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inland boundary layer at low latitudes (1985)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 32 (1985), S. 307-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations from the Koorin boundary-layer experiment in Australia (latitude 16 °S) were analysed in a study of the nocturnal jet development. For geostrophic winds in the range 10–20 m s-1, ageostrophic wind magnitudes of 5–10m s-1 were common above the surface layer near sunset, with cross-isobar flow angles of about 40 °. The jet that then developed by midnight was probably the result of these large ageostrophic winds, strong surface cooling and favourable baroclinity and sloping terrain. The analysis is supported by numerical model calculations with special emphasis on the role of long-wave radiative cooling on turbulent decay. Decay is rapid in the presence of radiation, although there is little influence on stress divergence levels. Evidence of sea-breeze influences on the jet evolution, and on features of deeply penetrating sea breezes in general, will be presented and discussed in part 2 of this study (submitted to Boundary-Layer Meteorol.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00121997
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inland boundary layer at low latitudes: II Sea-breeze influences (1985)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 33 (1985), S. 209-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two-dimensional mesoscale model results support the claim of evening sea-breeze activity at Daly Waters, 280 km inland from the coast in northern Australia, the site of the Koorin boundary-layer experiment. The sea breeze occurs in conditions of strong onshore and alongshore geostrophic winds, not normally associated with such activity. It manifests itself at Daly Waters and in the model as a cooling in a layer 500–1000 m deep, as an associated surface pressure jump, as strong backing of the wind and, when an offshore low-level wind is present, as a collapse in the inland nocturnal jet. Both observational analysis and model results illustrate the rotational aspects of the deeply penetrating sea breeze; in our analysis this is represented in terms of a surge vector — the vector difference between the post- and pre-frontal low-level winds. There is further evidence to support earlier work that the sea breeze during the afternoon and well into the night — at least for these low-latitude experiments — behaves in many ways as an atmospheric gravity current, and that inland penetrations up to 500 km occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052056
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on ‘Sea surface stress measurements’ by Schmitt et al. (1978) (1979)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 17 (1979), S. 269-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117985
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the sensitivity of mesoscale models to surface-layer parameterization constants (1989)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 48 (1989), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Colorado State University standard mesoscale model is used to evaluate the sensitivity of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) fields to differences in surface-layer parameterization “constants”. Such differences reflect the range in the published values of the von Karman constant, Monin-Obukhov stability functions and the temperature roughness length at the surface. The sensitivity of 1D boundary-layer structure, and 2D sea-breeze intensity, is generally less than that found in published comparisons related to turbulence closure schemes generally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123060
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the impact of cloudiness on the characteristics of nocturnal downslope flows (1989)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 49 (1989), S. 23-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cloud cover amount and the height of cloud base on nighttime thermally induced downslope flow were investigated using analytical and numerical model approaches. The conclusions obtained with the analytical and the numerical model evaluations agreed. It was concluded that, (i) as cloud cover increases and/or the height of cloud base decreases, the depth and the intensity of nighttime thermally-induced downslope flows may decrease by a factor reaching one sixth and one tenth, respectively, in the case of overcast low cloud; (ii) when skies suddenly cloud over around midnight, the development of the downslope flow is altered in different ways: a reduction in intensity; or a cessation of further development, depending on the fraction of cloud coverage, and (iii) with a sudden clearing of overcast low cloud around midnight, the depth and the intensity of the downslope flow increases significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116404
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