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  • Articles  (55)
Collection
  • Articles  (55)
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 231-245 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: MMC ; Nickel coated graphite ; Squeeze casting ; Instable interface ; Electroplating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Metal Matrix Composites (MMC's) reinforced with continuous fibers were generally fabricated by a foil-sandwich technique or by liquid metal infiltration. Liquid metal infiltration may be used to cast final shapes in molds containing fiber preforms. It is also used to make composite wire from which may be fabricated panels and shapes by hot-press diffusion bonding or pultrusion. The major drawback of this method is that the molten matrix must wet the fiber for successful infiltration to occur, requiring special fiber surface treatments or matrix additives, and that, molten metals generally dissolve or degrade the fibers, necessitating a barrier coating on the fibers. All these problems can be solved using carbon fibers coated with metallic layers, e.g. nickel. This work analyses an easy method to produce modified carbon fibers by electroplating and the process of its recristallization. The topography of the growth front of the deposit has been studied. At temperatures higher than about 300° C an annealing under vacuum is required, because of the high reactivity of metal coating, nevertheless the heat treatment of metal deposit produces always an embrittled material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 4 (1997), S. 69-81 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: nanocomposites ; roughness ; fractal dimension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical model is presented for the determination of the fractal dimensions of particles which are widely used as reinforcement in nanocomposites. The model is used to characterize the surface irregularity or roughness. It was found that fractal dimensions of both the contour and surface of particles depend only on the relative particles size ratio between secondary particles and subunits. It is proposed that, in practical applications, the fractal dimension of a certain reinforcement particle can be obtained by a combination of this model and a state-of-the-art instrument that can determine the sizes of primary and secondary particles by image analysis. It is possible to relate the fractal dimension with the adhesion and other physical and chemical properties at the interface between particles and matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 2 (1996), S. 385-393 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: nanocomposites ; poly(methyl methacrylate) ; silica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It is possible to optimize the performance of the inorganic-organic composites dispersing the inorganic component in the organic matrix on a nanomiter length scale. If dry the inorganic phase cannot be intimately dispersed during the incorporation in the matrix. When the particle surface is organically modified, and the incorporation is made starting from a liquid dispersion (particles in polymer solution), the resulting composites exhibit an excellent homogeneity. Here, monolithic [poly(methyl methacrylate)/monodisperse silica particles] nanocomposites have been prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), micro-hardness, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 671-676 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the dentistry field, synthetic hydroxyapatite can be conveniently used as semiabsorbable alloplastic material to solve a number of clinical problems. The hydroxyapatite structure influences bone ingrowth as well as its resorption. In particular, pore size must exceed 100 μm to allow new bone ingrowth. Because of its brittleness, highly porous hydroxyapatite is difficult to handle without causing damage, and, therefore, its mechanical performance has to be improved placing the material on a dense hydroxyapatite substrate. Dense/porous hydroxyapatite laminates can be obtained by slip casting technology. The method starts with the preparation of a ceramic powder–binder–solvent system. This slurry produces, after solvent evaporation, a soft green tape, that is successively baked at 300 °C to remove all organic component, and finally sintered at high temperature (1200 °C). The material porosity cannot be significantly modified by changes in the slurry composition and sintering temperature; therefore, the macroporous hydroxyapatite layer must be obtained using a porous hydroxyapatite powder. The powder is prepared by grinding of green tape pieces and the resulting coarse material is successively baked at 300 °C. Such material is mixed with a polymer solution and cast on a green tape substrate. Layer fractures are not observed in both film bulks and interface, because during sintering the consolidation of two layers happens simultaneously. In the resulting material, the first layer consisted of macroporous hydroxyapatite with high osteoconductive properties, and the second layer was a dense hydroxyapatite substrate able to improve the laminate mechanical properties. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 65-68 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new generation of electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes have been fabricated and superficially modified by a special controlled precorrosion process. The electrodes have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), resistance–capacitance measurements (RCM) and simulated defibrillation recovery (SDR). The resulting surface of the Sn alloys was rough, and, consequently, a large active surface area was available. As a result, a higher electrocardiogram electrode performance, including low alternating current (a.c.) impedance, excellent time stability and improved SDR, was achieved. Such new design can surely find important future applications in clinical diagnosis. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 723-729 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: There is an increasing awareness of the clinical problems associated with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) wear and failure in orthopaedics. This disadvantage is certainly promoted from the various oxidation process that can occur during prosthesis life. Scanning electron microscopy, IR-spectroscopy, and X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to investigate the mechanism of polymer degradation. In particular, comparison among the spectra of starting and retrieved UHMW-PE components shows that the polymer oxidizes mainly in vivo. The data indicate that hydroxyl radicals are likely to be a major factor in degradation of the surface of this polymer, these groups are produced in vivo during the implantation time. Several other chemical groups, produced in the different steps of the prosthesis life, are contained in the material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 431-438 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The clinical use of glass ionomers is well established in the odontological field. In particular; (i) high biocompatibility (unincreased macrophages activity), and consquently no inflammation in post-operative course; (ii) total non-toxicity of components; (iii) absence of mutagenic consequence on osteoblasts; (iv) dimensional stability and absence of macroscopic changes after very long implantation times; (v) stability to water and biological compounds, make these materials attractive for further clinical applications. The high adhesion both to metallic or ceramic surfaces and bone tissue makes this materials excellently usable for the adjustment of bone defects. This goal necessitates suitable knowledge of the mechanical, chemical, physical and biological properties of commercial materials so that the most suitable product can be identified. The characterization of representative products of each of the principal classes of glass ionomers material is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 155-166 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: Composites ; Silicon carbide ; Wetting ; Reactivity ; Chemical oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 449-463 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: SiC-pure Al composites ; Erosion ; Interfacial reaction ; SEM analysis ; Granulometrical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The granulometrical and morphological variations of eroded reinforcement particles during annealing for different times at several temperatures have been studied for SiC-pure Al system. The changes produced have been analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) after particle extraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: boehmite ; hydrothermal process ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In the metal matrix composite field, both fine (〈0.5 µm) and coarse, crystalline, calcined aluminas with narrow or broad particle size distributions, are being used as reinforcement phase. The effect was studied of the preparation method of fine boehmite (γ-AlOOH), precursor of the γ-Al2O3, on the product morphology. The material was produced by heating three kinds of hydrothermal precursors at different pH, and for 2 h at 200°C, using constant stirring. Under the conditions investigated (i.e., 0.12 mol/dm3 of Al(OH)3 and only diluted NaOH and HNO3 solutions used to adjust the pH of slurry), the pH of hydrothermal slurry influenced the product morphology; in contrast, the three different hydrothermal precursors, namely dry aluminum hydroxide gel, fresh aluminum hydroxide precipitate and gibbsite reagent powders, had only a little effect on the product morphology. The dehydration/transformation mechanism from Al(OH)3 to γ-AlOOH is believed to be dissolution/reprecipitation rather than a direct dehydration.
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