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  • Articles  (143)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (79)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (64)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 1975-1979  (143)
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  • Articles  (143)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT OF ESTIMATES OF THE STOCK OF FIXED CAPITAL IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 23 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The historical background and present methodology used in compiling the U.K. official estimates of the stock of fixed capital are described. Mention is made of the possibility that with the development of commercial accounting direct estimates of capital stock may be derived from enterprise accounts at some future time. For the present, however, an indirect perpetual inventory approach is followed. Some of the deficiencies of the present estimates are discussed including the effects of possible biases in the life-length assumptions, price indices and the treatment of secondhand assets. Estimates of gross capital stock are given analysed by industry group of ownership and by type of asset.Some conceptual issues are discussed in relation to user requirements, including the distinction between the stock of capital and the flow of services from it.The authors conclude that little can be done to improve the perpetual inventory estimate of fixed capital in the U.K. without devoting more resources to the collection and analysis of new information, particularly on the service lives of fixed assets, the extent of leasing and the transfer of assets between industries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00007.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MINIMUM ENTROPY DECONVOLUTION WITH AN EXPONENTIAL TRANSFORMATION (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 27 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MED) technique of Wiggins (1977) represents a breakthrough in deconvolution and will undoubtedly find wide application in many fields. MED does not require any phase assumptions about the disturbing function and seeks a deconvolved output which consists of the smallest number of large spikes consistent with the input data.The efficiency of MED is much improved when an exponential transformation is incorporated into the algorithm. This is particularly true when the input traces contain additive noise. In this case the noise suppression characteristics of MED are considerably enhanced by the transformation and the identification of smaller spikes is improved. This paper also presents a kurtosis criterion of simplicity rather than the varimax norm introduced by Wiggins. It appears that for a multiple trace input the kurtosis measure leads to improved results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1979.tb00979.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A COMPARISON OF TWO HAYS FOR BEEF PRODUCTION (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 30 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A medium quality barn-dried hay and a poor quality field-cured hay were each supplemented with 3 levels of concentrate in the diet of young beef cattle, averaging 313 kg liveweight. The supplement was given on predetermined hay concentrate metabolizable energy (ME) ratios based on the determined ME of the hays and an assumed ME of 3·0 McalsAg DM for the supplement. The hay concentrate ratios used were 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, the aim being to provide a reasonable rate of growth (0·7 kg/day) with the poorer hay. It was necessary to include urea in the concentrate mixtures used on the 1:1 and 1:2 ratios with the field-cured hay. The urea appeared to have an adverse effect on the intake and utilization of DM on the 1:1 ratio. The range of mean intakes of supplement DM was 3·02 to 4·41 kg/day for the barn-dried hay and 2·23 to 4·61 for the field-cured hay. Mean daily liveweight gains with the barn-dried hay were 0·76, 0·89 and 0·85 kg for the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 ratios, respectively, with no significant difference between ratios. The mean daily gains with the field-cured hay were 0·39, 0·77 and 0·75 for the three ratios, the mean gain on the 1:1 ratio being significantly lower than those of the other ratios. The ME conversion ratios were not significantly affected by either ratios or hay type, except on the 1:1 ratio with field-cured hay. There were significant differences between the barn-dried hay and field-cured hay diets in the digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein and energy; the mean coefficients for DM being 74·5% and 65·6%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1975.tb01371.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphate Removal by Sands and Soils (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 15 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Phosphate retention by soils is especially important for tile fields and rapid infiltration systems near lakes where eutrophication is a problem. The use and application of the phosphate adsorption isotherm test to estimate a soil's phosphate removal ability will be discussed. In New York State, the till soils had a greater phosphate retention ability than the outwash soils. Within the tills and within the outwashes, the more acid soils had a greater phosphate retention than the more basic or calcareous soils. The B horizon of many of the soils had a high phosphate capacity. However, this is often neglected in rapid infiltration systems because the waste water is discharged below the B horizon. The phosphate removal in column studies and field studies in rapid infiltration systems was found greater than predicted by the rapid isotherm test. Intermittent sand filters with two feet sand and underdrains were found to have a limited ability to remove phosphate. Methods to predict and design for phosphate retention by sands and soils are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1977.tb03183.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STATISTISTICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION DATA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 6 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The lymphocytes from 107 maternal-foetal pairs were examined for their in vitro responsiveness, as determined by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), candida, varicella, mumps, streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD) and tetanus toxiod. The data were collected and analysed in two sequential groups (forty-seven and sixty) in order to determine whether the results were reproducible. The variable chosen for analysis was the difference (d) between the square roots of the isotope incorporation in the stimulated and control cultures because it gave the most symmetrical distribution of the data. The experimental error in the determination of maternal lymphocyte stimulation was 1.4-8.6% and of the and of the foetal lymphocytes, 1.0-16.6% depending upon the antigen or mitogen and its concentration. The data in the two sets of patients were statistically the same in forty-eight of the fifty-six analyses (fourteen antigen or mitogen concentrations in autologous and AB plasma for maternal and foetal lymphocytes). The statistical limits of the distribution of responses for stimulation or suppression were set by an analysis of variance taking two standard deviations from the mean as the limits. When these limits were translated into stimulation indices, they varied for each antigen or mitogen and for different concentrations of the same antigen. Thus, a detailed statistical analysis of a large volume of lymphocyte transformation data indicates that the technique is reproducible and offers a reliable method for determining when significant differences from control values are present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1979.tb00344.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SATELLITE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE VARIATIONS (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 13 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Results from studies in the Illinois-Indiana and Texas-Oklahoma areas indicate that satellite microwave observations at the 1.55 cm wavelength are responsive to relative moisture variations in the near surface layer of the soil. Because significant vegetation cover absorbs the 1.55 cm microwave emission from the soil, the target area must be predominately bare soil or low density vegetation cover for meaningful measurements to result. The 25 km resolution of the satellite sensor limits application of the microwave techniques to large areas such as watersheds or agricultural districts rather than individual fields. In general, at 1.55 cm. there is an inverse relationship between microwave brightness temperature and changes in soil moisture levels (as indicated by antecedent rainfall) in agricultural regions before the planting of crops or during the early growing season when vegetation cover is sparse. Even early season observations should be of great value in deciding on the time and type of crop planting and for initial irrigation scheduling when the root zone is still in close proximity to the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1977.tb02023.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PLIGHT OF THE URBAN RESERVOIR: A CASE STUDY (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 11 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper details the increasing tendency to overdevelop lands adjacent to public reservoirs. The impact on water quality of the pollutant load carried in surface runoff from developed lands is described as well as the depreciation in recreational experience due to loss of scenic horizons. The case study, Spruce Run Reservoir in Clinton, New Jersey, included population and demand projections. Land speculation and proposed development are evaluated on a physical constraint basis. Areas of conflict are outlined and conflict resolutions proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00711.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic Nematicides for the Control of Tricbodorid Nematodes and of Potato Spraing Disease caused by Tobacco Rattle Virus (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 24 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Field trials in Scotland in 1972 and 1973 tested the effects of three systemic nematicides (aldicarb, fenamiphos and oxamyl) and the fumigant dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture (D-D) on the incidence of spraing in potato tubers (cv. Pentland Del) and on total numbers of trichodorid nematodes, the vectors of tobacco rattle virus. Spraing incidence was least in plots treated with, aldicarb or oxamyl. D-D and fenamiphos were effective in decreasing spraing incidence in one year but not in the other. Whereas D-D killed the trichodorid vectors, aldicarb and oxamyl did not kill them but apparently affected their behaviour. None of the chemicals was phytotoxic or decreased tuber yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1975.tb01876.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of relief on a Middle Jurassic cemented sea floor: origin of submarine pseudo-anticlines in the Bathonian of Normandy (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 26 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: On the foreshore east of Luc-sur-Mer, Normandy, an Upper Bathonian hard-ground which caps a sponge biostrome has been thrown into a series of troughs and ridges, the latter sometimes with very steep flanks. Faunal orientation and encrustation of extensive undercuts demonstrate that these structures are of a syn-sedimentary origin. They are interpreted as submarine pseudo-anticlines which have a composite origin. The following three factors are thought to have contributed to their formation: (a) a primary morphological differentiation of the underlying biostrome; (b) sediment expansion caused by force of crystallization during hardground formation; and (c) differential compaction, being greater where the hardground overlies mainly inter-reef mud as compared with the rigid sponge framework. The main episode of this compaction occurred at an early stage in the life of the hardground. Subsequent erosion, colonization by encrusters and borers, and burial beneath a fossiliferous clay were the final stages in the history of these pseudo-anticlines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1979.tb00919.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE OLD AND THE NEW IN SEISMIC DECONVOLUTION AND WAVELET ESTIMATION (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 25 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Various seismic deconvolution operators can be determined by estimating a seismic wavelet and subsequently designing an appropriate inverse filter which converts the wavelet to a spike. Seismic wavelets and deconvolution operators must be estimated in a time adaptive sense due to the nonstationarity of the seismic trace. The wavelet estimation methods considered in this paper either use the assumption of a minimum phase wavelet and a random impulse response, or the assumption that the wavelet cepstrum is readily separable from the cepstrum of the seismic trace. The former assumption is required in using the Hilbert transform and Wiener-Levinson wavelet estimations, while the latter assumption is used in homomorphic deconvolution. These wavelet estimates can be used in the design of multichannel Wiener and Kalman deconvolution operators. Multichannel usage of homomorphic deconvolution can also be implemented through various types of cepstral stacking.The discussion of deconvolution filter design focuses on the problems of filter length, degree of prewhitening, and nonstationarity. In designing time adaptive deconvolution filters, the autocorrelation function can be used to monitor the nonstationarity of the seismic trace. The autocorrelation function, which is used in the computation of least squares inverse filters, can be estimated in an optimum fashion by using the maximum entropy method. Differences between minimum phase Wiener deconvolution and maximum entropy deconvolution become more pronounced for shorter data gates. As a result, the maximum entropy approach is preferred for time adaptive deconvolution.In this paper, the performance of various wavelet estimators and inverse filters is discussed using real and synthetic seismic data. Discussions of homomorphic deconvolution and maximum entropy prediction error filtering are merged with descriptions of conventional approaches to deconvolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1977.tb01185.x
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