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  • Articles  (140)
  • Springer  (127)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (13)
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  • Articles  (140)
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  • 1
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    Preparation and Evaluation of PLGA-Coated Capsaicin Magnetic Nanoparticles (2017)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-21
    Print ISSN: 0724-8741
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-904X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Conformational switching of chiral colloidal rafts regulates raft–raft attractions and repulsions (2019)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Membrane-mediated particle interactions depend both on the properties of the particles themselves and the membrane environment in which they are suspended. Experiments have shown that chiral rod-like inclusions dissolved in a colloidal membrane of opposite handedness assemble into colloidal rafts, which are finite-sized reconfigurable droplets consisting of a large but precisely defined number of rods. We systematically tune the chirality of the background membrane and find that, in the achiral limit, colloidal rafts acquire complex structural properties and interactions. In particular, rafts can switch between 2 chiral states of opposite handedness, which alters the nature of the membrane-mediated raft–raft interactions. Rafts with the same chirality have long-ranged repulsions, while those with opposite chirality acquire attractions with a well-defined minimum. Both attractive and repulsive interactions are qualitatively explained by a continuum model that accounts for the coupling between the membrane thickness and the local tilt of the constituent rods. These switchable interactions enable assembly of colloidal rafts into intricate higher-order architectures, including stable tetrameric clusters and “ionic crystallites” of counter-twisting domains organized on a binary square lattice. Furthermore, the properties of individual rafts, such as their sizes, are controlled by their complexation with other rafts. The emergence of these complex behaviors can be rationalized purely in terms of generic couplings between compositional and orientational order of fluids of rod-like elements. Thus, the uncovered principles might have relevance for conventional lipid bilayers, in which the assembly of higher-order structures is also mediated by complex membrane-mediated interactions.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of irradiance and spectral quality on seedling development of two Southeast Asian Hopea species (1997)
    Springer
    Oecologia 110 (1997), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Tropical rain forest ; Seedling development ; Physiology ; Light climate ; Red:far-red ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Seedling developmental responses to understory shade combine the effects of reductions in irradiance and changes in spectral quality. We studied the seedling development of two Southeast Asian dipterocarp trees in response to differences in irradiance (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and spectral quality (red to far-red ratio, R:FR). The two species, Hopea helferei and H. odorata, are taxonomically closely related but differ in their ecological requirements; H. helferei is more drought-tolerant and typically grows in more open habitats. Seedlings were grown in six different replicated shadehouse treatments varying in percentage of solar PPFD and R:FR. The two species differed in the influence of light variables on most seedling characters, particularly for final height, internode distance, branch/trunk internodes, stem length/mass, leaf area/stem length, petiole length, and growth/mol of photons received. Most of the characters in both taxa were primarily influenced by PPFD, but spectral quality also influenced some characters – more so for H. odorata. The latter species grew more rapidly, particularly in the low PPFD treatments, and its leaves were capable of higher photosynthesis rates. However, growth in H. helferei was not reduced in direct sunlight. The growth of this taxon may be constrained by adaptations, particularly in leaves, for drought tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050126
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the solubilization of phosphates (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 18 (1994), S. 311-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phosphate adsorption ; Organic acids ; Stability constants ; Lolium rigidium ; Mitscherlich equation ; Relative agronomic effectiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A range of low-molecular-weight organic acids were identified in rhizosphere soil, leaf litter, and poultry manure compost. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to examine the effects of seven low-molecular-weight organic acids on phosphate adsorption by soils, and the solubilization and plant uptake of P from soil pre-incubated with monocalcium phosphate and North Carolina phosphate rock. Acetic, formic, lactic (monocarboxylic), malic, tartaric, oxalic (dicarboxylic), and citric (tricarboxylic) acids were used in the study. The addition of organic acids decreased the adsorption of P by soils in the order tricarboxylic acid〉dicarboxylic acid〉monocarboxylic acid. The decreases in P adsorption with organic acid addition increased with an increase in the stability constant of the organic acid for Al (logK Al). Organic acids extracted greater amounts of P from soils meubated with both monocalcium phosphate and phosphate rock than water did. Although more phosphate was extracted by the organic acids from monocalcium phosphate — than from phosphate rock — treated soils in absolute terms, when the results were expressed as a percentage of dissolved phosphate there was little difference between the two fertilizers. The amount of P extracted by the organic acids from both fertilizers increased with an increase in logK Al values. The addition of oxalic and citric acids increased the dry matter yield of ryegrass and the uptake of P in soils treated with both fertilizers. The agronomic effectiveness of both fertilizers increased in the presence of organic acids and the increase was greater with the phosphate rock than with the monocalcium phosphate. The results indicated that organic acids increase the availability of P in soils mainly through both decreased adsorption of P and increased solubilization of P compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570634
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of earthworm casts affecting herbicide sorption and movement (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Atrazine ; Casts ; Earthworm ; Herbicides ; Leaching ; Metsulfuron methyl ; Sorption ; 2 ; 4-d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Various physical and chemical characteristics of earthworm casts collected from a laboratory incubation and a field experiment were examined in relation to their effect on the sorption and the movement of three 14C-labelled ionic herbicides: atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, and metsulforon methyl. The earthworm casts contained higher levels of fine fractions and total and soluble C. This is attributed to the grinding action of the earthworm gut and selective feeding on zones with higher organic matter and fine size fractions. The earthworm casts had a higher pH than the source soil, resulting in a higher number of surface negative charges. The earthworm casts sorbed higher amounts of herbicides than the source soil, mainly due to the increases in the amount of organic C and fine size fractions. The increased sorption of herbicides by the casts resulted in decreased leaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334585
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the influence of phosphate fertilizers on the microbial activity of pasture soils (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 284-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Basal respiration ; Long-term effect ; Metabolic quotient ; Microbial biomass ; Osmotic potential ; Pasture soil ; Phosphate fertilizers ; Substrate-induced respiration (SIR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The objective of the present work was to examine the effects of phosphate fertilizers on the microbial activity of pasture soils. Various microbial characteristics were measured using soils from an existing long-term phosphate fertilizer field trial and a short-term incubation experiment. The measurements included basal respiration, substrate induced respiration, inhibition of substrate-induced respiration by streptomycin sulphate (fungal activity) and actidione (bacterial activity) and microbial biomass C. The long-term field trials was initiated during 1985 to examine the effectiveness of different sources of phosphate fertilizers (single superphosphate, North Carolina phosphate rock, partially acidulated North Carolina phosphate rock, and diammonium phosphate) on pasture yield. The incubation experiment was conducted for 8 weeks using the same soil and the sources of phosphate fertilizers used in the field trial. In the incubation experiment the fertilizer addition caused an initial decrease in basal and substrate-induced respiration but had no effect on total microbial biomass. The initial decline in basal and substrate-induced respiration with the fertilizer addition was restored within 8 weeks after incubation. In the field experiment the fertilizer addition had no significant effect on basal respiration but increased substrate-induced respiration and microbial biomass C. The short-term and the long-term effects of phosphate fertilizer addition on the microbial characteristics of the soils are discussed in relation to its effects on pH, salt concentration, and the nutrient status of the soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334905
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decay of spanwise wavy inhomogeneities in a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer over an “infinite” swept concave wing (1988)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 6 (1988), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements have been made in a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer over a concave surface, whose generators were swept at 35 ° (simulating an “infinite” swept wing). The results show that the quasi-periodic spanwise variations of skin friction, reported in two-dimensional concave wall turbulent boundary layers, decay in the presence of a cross flow. Skin friction surveys in a companion experiment with an “infinite” swept concave surface of variable sweep show that there exists a critical sweep angle below which the disturbances grow, and above which they decay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approaches to controlled polymerization of methyl acrylate through functional anionic initiators (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 25 (1991), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Controlled ‘living’ polymerization of methyl acrylate has been achieved at room temperature using functional carbanionic initiators in THF solvent. Methyl acrylate oligomers with reactive chain ends have been synthesized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338902
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual Photon Energy Dependence of the Cooper Pair Breaking Rate in YBa2Cu3O7−δ Epitaxial Thin Films (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 12 (1999), S. 675-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: YBCO ; Cooper pair ; thin films ; ultrafast phenomena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transient photoimpedance response of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films has been studied using 100 fs Ti:Sapphire laser pulse excitation. Both temperature and photon energy dependence of the fast optical response signal (whose temperature dependence can be explained by a kinetic inductance model involving Cooper pair breaking) were studied. The pair breaking rate is strongly photon energy-dependent, with a resonance around 1.5 eV with a width of only 100 meV, which is very surprising given the strong electron correlation in this metallic system and may be explained in terms of the stripe phase model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007708304186
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the statistical mechanics of the traveling salesman problem (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 45 (1986), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: spin glass ; N-P complete optimization problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the statistical mechanics of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and develop some representations to study it. In one representation the mean field theory has a simple form and brings out some of the essential features of the problem. It shows that the system has spontaneous symmetry breaking at any nonzero temperature. In general the phase progressively changes as one decreases the temperature. At low temperatures the mean field theory solution is very sensitive to any small perturbations, due to the divergence of some local susceptibilities. This critical region extends down to zero temperature. We perform the quenched average for a nonmetric TSP in the second representation and the resulting problem is more complicated than the infinite-range spin-glass problem, suggesting that the free energy landscape may be more complex. The role played by “frustration” in this problem appears explicitly through the localization property of a random matrix, which resembles the tight binding matrix of an electron in a random lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033073
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