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  • Articles  (76)
  • 2010-2014  (57)
  • 1960-1964  (17)
  • 1925-1929  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 190 (1961), S. 480-482 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS article presents a summary of work on the primary structure of human haemoglobin A which was begun five years ago in the Max-Planck-Institut fur Biochemie; the results have been published during the past two years in various publications, and we wish to summarize and discuss them here. The ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 52 (1929), S. 191-235 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 1 (1929), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 13 (1964), S. 303-351 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Climatic variations, primarily within the past 100 years, are investigated by means of the deviations from running 10-year means of atmospheric pressure, temperature, precipitation, and duration of sunshine. Since the beginning of observations in 1755, the years between 1941 and 1952 appear as the climatic optimum, with least precipitation, highest temperature, and greatest duration of sunshine. The Swiss glaciers have shown their greatest recession during the decade 1945–1954. Since then, atmospheric pressure and temperature have tended to return towards their secular averages, precipitation has appreciably surpassed its average, and duration of sunshine has dropped below its normal value. Hence, the last period had predominantly maritime character. Some of the smaller glaciers have shown advances.
    Abstract: Résumé On examine les fluctuations du climat de ces 100 dernières années au moyen des moyennes glissantes décennales des variations des éléments météorologiques suivants: pression, température, précipitations et durée d'insolation. L'optimum du climat de la période séparant le début des observations (1755) à nos jours semble se situer entre 1941 et 1952. Durant ces années-là, on a eu le moins de précipitations, les plus hautes températures et la plus grande insolation. Le retrait des glaciers suisses fut le plus prononcé durant la décennie 1945 à 1954. Depuis lors, la pression et la température se rapprochent de nouveau de la moyenne longue. Les précipitations sont de nouveau plus abondantes que la normale, et cela de façon sensible, alors que la durée d'insolation est inférieure à la normale. La dernière période a présenté un caractère essentiellement maritime. Les petits glaciers recommencent à croître.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Anhand von zehnjährig übergreifend gemittelten Abweichungen der Klimaelemente Luftdruck, Temperatur, Niederschlag und Sonnenschein werden die Klimaschwankungen vornehmlich der letzten hundert Jahre untersucht. Als Klima-Optimum der gesamten Periode seit Beginn der Messungen (ab 1755) erscheint die Epoche 1941–1952. Während dieser Zeit herrschten bei geringstem Niederschlag die höchsten Temperaturen und die größte Sonnenscheindauer. Die schweizerischen Gletscher erlitten während des Dezenniums 1945–1954 ihren stärksten Schwund. Seither streben Luftdruck und Temperatur wieder den langjährigen Durchschnittswerten zu. Die Niederschlagsmengen überschritten die Mittelwerte wieder nennenswert, die Sonnenscheindauer sank unter die Normalwerte ab. Die letzte Periode trug damit vorwiegend maritime Merkmale. Bei den kleinen Gletschern wurden wieder Vorstöße beobachtet.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 16 (1963), S. 76-85 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The variations in the length of the day are found to be equal in phase to the oscillation of the atmospheric pressure gradient occurring between 45 and 65 degrees south. This rhythm manifests itself in the annual mean as well as in the course of the 60 months of the years 1957 to 1961. The rhythm that seems to be overaccidental may be explained with regard to phase and amplitude in the following way: The variations in the length of the day are produced by the pushing or braking of the lithosphere on which the atmosphere is acting by its monsoons or trade winds. The outertropical westerlies that are blowing parallel to the tropical wind would be able to compensate the pushing and braking effects if they, too, were directly acting on the lithosphere. As, however, in the region of the westerlies the hydrosphere assumes all angular momentum and apparently passes it on to the lithosphere after considerable delay, the variations in the length of the day are caused which essentially consist of the second and first harmonics.
    Abstract: Résumé Les variations de la longueur du jour sidéral suivent le rythme du gradient de pression atmosphérique rencontré entre le 45e et 65e degré de latitude Sud. Elles se manifestent dans la moyenne annuelle aussi bien que dans la période des soixants mois des années de 1957 à 1961. Cette homogénéité super-aléatoire du rythme qui se montre également dans la phase et dans l'amplitude pourrait être expliquée par le fait que les variations de la longueur du jour sidéral sont directement produites par la poussée et le freinage de la lithosphère sur lequel agit l'atmosphère par ses moussons et ses vents alizés. Les vents extra-tropicaux d'ouest qui soufflent parallèlement aux vents tropicaux seraient à même de compenser les effets de la poussée et du freinage des vents tropicaux pourvu qu'ils agissent de même immédiatement sur la lithosphère. Comme, cependant, dans la région des braves vents d'ouest l'hydrosphère attire tout le moment angulaire et le passe, probablement après un long délai, au lithosphère, il se produit les variations de longueur du jour sidéral, qui se composent essentiellement d'une oscillation harmonique semestrielle et annuelle.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Änderung der Sterntaglänge schwankt im Rhythmus des Luftdruckgefälles zwischen 45 und 65° Süd sowohl im mittleren Jahresgang als auch im Ablauf der sechzig Monate der Jahre 1957–1961. Dieser überzufällige Gleichgang in Phase und Amplitude läßt sich so erklären, daß die Schwankungen der Tageslänge direkt durch den Schub oder die Bremsung der Lithosphäre, auf welche die Atmosphäre mit ihren Monsunen oder Passaten wirkt, erzeugt werden. Die den schwankenden Tropenwinden parallel gehenden außertropischen Westwinde würden voll die schiebende oder bremsende Wirkung der Tropenwinde kompensieren, wenn sie auch direkt die Lithosphäre erfaßten. Da nun aber im Gebiet der braven Westwinde die Hydrosphäre den gesamten Drehimpuls übernimmt und ihn wohl erst mit großer Verzögerung an die Lithosphäre weiterreicht, tritt die Änderung der Tageslänge auf, die sich im wesentlichen harmonisch aus einer halbjährlichen und einer jährlichen Welle zusammensetzt.
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  • 6
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: The mountains of data thrusting from the new landscape of modern high-throughput biology are irrevocably changing biomedical research and creating a near-insatiable demand for training in data management and manipulation and data mining and analysis. Among life scientists, from clinicians to environmental researchers, a common theme is the need not just to use, and gain familiarity with, bioinformatics tools and resources but also to understand their underlying fundamental theoretical and practical concepts. Providing bioinformatics training to empower life scientists to handle and analyse their data efficiently, and progress their research, is a challenge across the globe. Delivering good training goes beyond traditional lectures and resource-centric demos, using interactivity, problem-solving exercises and cooperative learning to substantially enhance training quality and learning outcomes. In this context, this article discusses various pragmatic criteria for identifying training needs and learning objectives, for selecting suitable trainees and trainers, for developing and maintaining training skills and evaluating training quality. Adherence to these criteria may help not only to guide course organizers and trainers on the path towards bioinformatics training excellence but, importantly, also to improve the training experience for life scientists.
    Print ISSN: 1467-5463
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-4054
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been paid much attention due to their beneficial effects observed in vitro, e.g., prebiotic, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, in vivo investigations with regard to HMO metabolism and functions are rare. The few data available indicate that HMOs are absorbed to a low extent and excreted via urine without noteworthy modifications, whereas the major proportion reaches infant's colon undigested. Via intrinsic 13 C-labeling of HMOs during their biosynthesis in the mammary gland of 10 lactating women, we were able to follow the fate of 13 C-labeled oligosaccharides (OSs) from their secretion in milk to the excretion in the urine of their breastfed infants. To a certain extent, we could therefore discriminate between original HMOs and non-labeled OSs derived from degradation of HMOs or endogenous glycoconjugates. By means of our novel, rapid, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based approach, we found a homogeneous time pattern of isotopomer enrichment in milk among all subjects and between single OS species. In contrast, the time curves from infants' urine varied strongly between individuals and OS species, though the overall MALDI-TOF MS profile resembled those of the mothers' milk. Our data suggest that neutral HMOs might be processed and/or utilized differentially after or upon absorption from the gut, as deduced from their structure-dependent variation in the extent of tracer enrichment and in the retention times in infant's organism. This sheds new light on the role of HMOs within infant's body, beyond the intestine and its microbiota alone.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-01-18
    Description: Ectomycorrhiza (EM) formation improves tree growth and nutrient acquisition, particularly that of nitrogen (N). Few studies have coupled the effects of naturally occurring EM morphotypes to the nutrition of host trees. To investigate this, pine seedlings were grown on raw humus substrates collected at two forest sites, R2 and R3. Ectomycorrhiza morphotypes were identified, and their respective N uptake rates from organic (2- 13 C, 15 N-glycine) and inorganic ( 15 NH 4 Cl, Na 15 NO 3 , 15 NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 15 NO 3 ) sources as well as their phosphate uptake rates were determined. Subsequently, the growth and nutritional status of the seedlings were analyzed. Two dominant EM morphotypes displayed significantly different mycorrhization rates in the two substrates. Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. (RL) was dominant in R2 and Suillus bovinus (Pers.) Kuntze (SB) was dominant in R3. 15 N uptake of RL EM was at all times higher than that of SB EM. Phosphate uptake rates by the EM morphotypes did not differ significantly. The number of RL EM correlated negatively and the number of SB EM correlated positively with pine growth rate. Increased arginine concentrations and critical P/N ratios in needles indicated nutrient imbalances of pine seedlings from humus R2, predominantly mycorrhizal with RL. We conclude that different N supply in raw humus under Scots pine stands can induce shifts in the EM frequency of pine seedlings, and this may lead to EM formation by fungal strains with different ability to support tree growth.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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