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  • Articles  (74)
  • 1990-1994  (74)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous measurement of electron and hole escape times from biased single quantum wells (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 426-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Picosecond pump probe measurements on waveguides containing a single GaAs/GaAlAs quantum well have enabled us to determine for the first time both electron and hole escape times from biased quantum wells. Contributions from excitonic saturation and field screening by photogenerated carriers can be clearly identified in the nonlinear transition signal and are quantitatively modeled. Preliminary analysis suggests that thermally assisted escape is dominant at room temperature, but discrepancies are found with conventional thermionic emission models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107903
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  • 2
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    Simultaneous measurement of electron and hole escape times from biased single quantum wells (1992)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-27
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 3
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    Linkage of faulty major histocompatibility complex class I to autoimmune diabetes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: Pancreatic islet cells are the targets of an autoimmune response in type I diabetes. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins was inversely correlated with diabetes; in this mouse a mutation in the MHC class II-linked gene for the putative MHC class I peptide transporter was also present. Mice deficient in MHC class I expression because they do not produce beta 2-microglobulin also developed late onset autoimmune diabetes. In cells from humans with type I diabetes expression of MHC class I was decreased; subsets of prediabetics categorized as most likely to become hyperglycemic also had low MHC class I. T cell responses to self antigens are faulty in diabetics. In sets of genetically identical twins that are discordant for diabetes, the defect appeared to reside with the antigen presenting cell. Thus, a lack of surface MHC class I protein is associated with autoimmune diabetes; the concomitant defect in antigen presentation may impair the development of self tolerance, which could result in autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faustman, D -- Li, X P -- Lin, H Y -- Fu, Y E -- Eisenbarth, G -- Avruch, J -- Guo, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1756-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics/*immunology ; Diseases in Twins ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Humans ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Prediabetic State/genetics/immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-10
    Description: Familial cancer syndromes have helped to define the role of tumor suppressor genes in the development of cancer. The dominantly inherited Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is of particular interest because of the diversity of childhood and adult tumors that occur in affected individuals. The rarity and high mortality of LFS precluded formal linkage analysis. The alternative approach was to select the most plausible candidate gene. The tumor suppressor gene, p53, was studied because of previous indications that this gene is inactivated in the sporadic (nonfamilial) forms of most cancers that are associated with LFS. Germ line p53 mutations have been detected in all five LFS families analyzed. These mutations do not produce amounts of mutant p53 protein expected to exert a trans-dominant loss of function effect on wild-type p53 protein. The frequency of germ line p53 mutations can now be examined in additional families with LFS, and in other cancer patients and families with clinical features that might be attributed to the mutation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malkin, D -- Li, F P -- Strong, L C -- Fraumeni, J F Jr -- Nelson, C E -- Kim, D H -- Kassel, J -- Gryka, M A -- Bischoff, F Z -- Tainsky, M A -- 34936/PHS HHS/ -- 5-T32-CA09299/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1233-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1978757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA/genetics ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; *Genes, p53 ; Genetic Testing ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sarcoma/*genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Diffusion creep in perovskite: implications for the rheology of the lower mantle (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-06
    Description: High-temperature creep experiments on polycrystalline perovskite (CaTiO(3)), an analog of (Mg,Fe)SiO(3) perovskite of the lower mantle, suggest that (grain size-sensitive) diffusion creep is important in the lower mantle and show that creep rate is enhanced by the transformation from the orthorhombic to the tetragonal structure. These observations suggest that grain-size reduction after a subducting slab passes through the 670-kilometer discontinuity or after a phase transformation from orthorhombic to tetragonal in perovskite will result in rheological softening in the top portions of the lower mantle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karato, S -- Li, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 6;255(5049):1238-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17816832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of outflow boundary condition on convective heat transfer with strong recirculating flow (1994)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 29 (1994), S. 463-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden drei verschiedene Methoden herangezogen, um die Erfüllung der Ausflußbedingung bei der Berechnung des konvektiven Wärmeübergangs von einem zweidimensionalen Fluidstrahl an die Wände eines rechteckigen Hohlraumes zu erzwingen. Diese seien kurz bezeichnet als: (1) lokales Massenerhaltungsprinzip, (2) Einkomponentenprinzip, (3) Vollausbildung des Strömungsprofils. Unter Verwendung dieser drei Prinzipien ermittelte numerische Lösungen wurden mit experimentell (Naphtalin-Sublimationsmethode) gefundenen Ergebnissen verglichen. Es zeigte sich, daß Methode (3) ungeeignet ist, Methode (2) gute Ergebnisse für den Hohlraumboden liefert, aber an den Seitenwänden qualitativ von den Versuchsdaten abweicht und daß Methode (1) die beste Übereinstimmung bewirkt. Bei Problemen, welche starke Rezirkulationsströmungen am Austritt des zur Berechnung vorgegebenen Kontrollraumes erwarten lassen, sollte daher dieser Methode der Vorzug gegeben werden.
    Notes: Abstract Three practices of treating outflow boundary condition were adopted in computations for convective heat transfer of a two-dimensional jet impinging in a rectangular cavity. The three practices were local mass conservation method, local one-way method and fully developed assumption. The numerical solutions of the three methods were compared with test data obtained via, naphthalene sublimation technique. It was found that the fully developed assumption was inappropriate, and the local one-way method could provide reasonably good results for the cavity bottom, while for the lateral wall the results with this method qualitatively differed from the test data. The solution with the local mass conservation method was the best. It thus suggested that for a problem expected with a strong recirculating flow at the exit of the computation domain, the local mass conservation method be adopted to treat the outflow boundary condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539498
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane Permeability Changes in Gamma-irradiated Muscle Cells (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 720 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30443.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations of gene expression in potato (Solanum commersonii) during cold acclimation (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 78 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plantlets of Solanum commersonii stem-culture were acclimated at 5°C day/night temperature for 14 days. Cold hardiness increased from – 3.5°C to – 8.6°C. During the course of acclimation, the synthesis of polypeptides was investigated and poly (A+) RNA was isolated. Translation products of poly(A+) RNA in a rabbit rcticulocyte lysate system were then analyzed. During the 14 days of acclimation, 23 cold-induced polypeptides were identified. Most of them disappeared following 1 day of de-acclimation at a 20/15°C day/night regime. The synthesis of one group of polypeptides is prominent and stable throughout the acclimation period. The other group is transient. The most prominent and stable polypeptides have molecular weights of 21, 22, 31 and 83 kDa.Acclimation alters translatable mRNA population during the development of cold hardiness. Two mRNAs encoding in vitro translation products at 26 and 27 kDa were identified during the course of acclimation. These proteins may play important roles in the overall programming for the development of cold hardiness in tuber-bearing S. commersonii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05239.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonance Raman scattering as a probe of electron-nuclear coupling: applications to heme proteins (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 3391-3398 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100161a077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing picosecond processes with nanosecond lasers: Electronic and vibrational relaxation dynamics of heme proteins (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 3214-3227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We discuss the technique of resonance Raman saturation spectroscopy and present experimental results that probe relaxation processes in heme proteins following electronic excitation in the Soret band. The observable relaxation time scales are limited by the laser excitation rate kL rather than by the laser pulse width (∼10 ns). Analysis of the data using a theory that separates the electronic and vibrational relaxation leads to electronic ground state recovery times τ=6.4±2.0 ps for ferrocytochrome c, τ=4.8±1.5 ps for deoxymyoglobin, and τ=2.0±0.7 ps for deoxyhemoglobin. The Raman depolarization ratio is predicted to increase at high laser flux, due to the preparation of a partially oriented sample by photoselective excitation. Such effects are observed in heme systems and the relaxation times extracted from the depolarization analysis are in good agreement with those derived from measurements of Raman intensity saturation. Studies of the asymmetric broadening of the ν4 mode of cytochrome c at high laser flux reveal that the line shapes in the Stokes and anti-Stokes region are inequivalent.Time-reversal symmetry dictates that this broadening is due to an underlying Raman band associated with an excited electronic state that is populated at high laser flux. Similar line broadening effects, observed in hemoglobin and myoglobin samples, are also shown to arise from Raman scattering of excited electronic states rather than Rabi broadening [Alden et al., J. Phys. Chem. 94, 85 (1990)] or anharmonic coupling to vibrationally hot low frequency modes [Petrich et al., Biochemistry 26, 7914 (1987)]. Quantitative analysis of Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering determines the heme vibrational temperature as a function of laser flux and leads to a description of the Raman intensities that differs significantly from that of Lingle et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 95, 9320 (1991)], which ignores electronic saturation effects and is based on the scattering properties of a two-level system. For cytochrome c, we use a simple thermal transport model to extract a value for the product of the heme area and the coefficient of surface heat transfer between the heme and the surrounding protein. This leads to a ∼4 ps time constant for the short-time exponential phase of heme cooling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463008
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