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  • Articles  (136)
  • 2000-2004  (136)
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Year
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 217 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A fast and reliable Multiplex-PCR assay was established to identify the species Lactobacillus johnsonii. Two opposing rRNA gene-targeted primers have been designed for this specific PCR detection. Specificity was verified with DNA samples isolated from different lactic acid bacteria. Out of 47 Lactobacillus strains isolated from different environments, 16 were identified as L. johnsonii by PCR. The same set of strains was investigated with five alternative molecular typing methods: enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR), repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), amplified fragment length polymorphism, single triplicate arbitrarily primed PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in order to compare the discriminatory power of these methods. The reported data strongly support the highly significant heterogeneity among all L. johnsonii isolates, potentially linked to their origin of isolation. The use of species-specific primers as well as rapid and highly powerful PCR-based molecular typing tools (namely ERIC- and REP-PCR techniques) should be respectively envisaged for identifying, differentiating and monitoring L. johnsonii strains from various environmental samples, for product monitoring, for species tracing in clinical studies as well as bacterial profiling of various microecological or gastrointestinal environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 213 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The detection of ancient microbial DNA offers a new approach for the study of infectious diseases, their occurrence, frequency and host–pathogen interaction in historic times and populations. Moreover, data obtained from skeletal and mummified tissue may represent an important completion of contemporary phylogenetic analyses of pathogens. In the last few years, a variety of bacterial, protozoal and viral infections have been detected in ancient tissue samples by amplification and characterization of specific DNA fragments. This holds particularly true for the identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which seems to be more robust than other microbes due to its waxy, hydrophobic and lipid-rich cell wall. These observations provided useful information about the occurrence, but also the frequency of tuberculosis in former populations. Moreover, these studies suggest new evolutionary models and indicate the route of transmission between human and animals. Until now, other pathogens, such as Mycobacterium leprae, Yersinia pestis, Plasmodium falciparum and others, have occasionally been identified – mostly in single case studies or small sample sizes – as well, although much less information is available on these pathogens in ancient settings. The main reason therefore seems to be the degradation and modification of ancient DNA by progressive oxidative damage. Furthermore, the constant risk of contamination by recent DNA forces to take time and cost effective measures and renders the analysis of ancient microbes difficult. Nevertheless, the study of microbial ancient DNA significantly contributes to the understanding of transmission and spread of infectious diseases, and potentially to the evolution and phylogenetic pathways of pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 407 (2000), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In Drosophila, compensation for the reduced dosage of genes located on the single male X chromosome involves doubling their expression in relation to their counterparts on female X chromosomes. Dosage compensation is an epigenetic process involving the specific acetylation of histone ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 865-869 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although the theory describing crystal growth in the geological environment is well established, there are few quantitative studies that delimit the absolute time involved in the growth of natural crystals. The actual mechanisms responsible for the variation in size and shape of individual ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 446-452 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A balloon-borne mass spectrometer system has been flown successfully to determine the chemical composition of polar stratospheric aerosols over northern Scandinavia. The experiment combines an aerodynamic lens which collimates the aerosols into a narrow beam, a small sphere in which they evaporate, and a mass spectrometer for gas analysis. High-speed differential pumping by two liquid helium pumps effectively lowers the presence of ambient gases without affecting the particles of the beam. Field measurements and aerosol studies inside a large cryo-chamber have shown that the concept of particle focusing, evaporation and subsequent mass spectrometric gas analysis is a reliable technique to determine the molecular composition of aerosols especially in polar stratospheric clouds. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1841-1844 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Si–N based membrane calorimeters are a promising technology for the study of thermal properties of small quantities of materials in both pulsed and steady-state magnetic fields to 60 T and beyond. We present results that demonstrate our ability to measure the heat capacity of thin film samples from 2–300 K in steady-state fields up to 8 T. These measurements include the magnetoresistance of the Pt and Nb–Si thermometers and focus on confirming that the thermal conductance of the Si–N membrane does not change significantly in magnetic fields. This means the thermal conductance needs to be measured only in zero field, reducing the measurement time in high field. This is particularly important for future measurements in fields up to 60 T. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : In the past, deliberate contamination of foods in the U.S. has been committed by individual criminals, disgruntled employees, or political activists with a narrow agenda. After September 11, 2001, every nation has had to consider a much wider range of food security issues. Food is a global commodity and nearly every country both exports and imports foods. Every nation must consider the security of its domestic production and look beyond its borders to its trading partners to assure the safety of its food supply. In the nearly 2 years since September 11, 2001, many steps have been taken to improve food security. New legislation has been enacted to strengthen the ability of government to respond to terrorist threats. New relationships have been forged between food security agencies, law enforcement, and the intelligence community. Virtually every segment of the domestic and imported food supply has come under scrutiny in an effort to identify points of weakness and appropriate protective measures. Gaps in our knowledge about specific agents and food processes have been identified and research to fill these gaps has been initiated. This effort will continue for the foreseeable future and could have a wide range of benefits, including improvements to food safety, a reduction in product counterfeiting, and a reduction in the “gray market” food trade. The scale and diversity of the U.S. food supply makes it an attractive target, but at the same time makes it very resilient and responsive to emerging threats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: One hundred and six isolates of the genus Bifidobacterium, isolated from different environments (mainly gastrointestinal), were identified and classified taxonomically to species level by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Two restriction endonucleases (Sau3AI and BamHI) were chosen for aligning the 16S rRNA sequences of 16 bifidobacterial species retrieved from various databases, to obtain species-specific restriction patterns. A rapid and accurate identification scheme was obtained by comparing the resulting 16S rDNA digestion profiles of 16 Bifidobacterium type-strains and 90 strains of various origins. All of the investigated strains were previously confirmed at the species level as belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and by polymerase chain reaction amplification with genus- and species-specific primers. The present work demonstrates that species-specific detection of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium coryneforme, Bifidobacterium cuniculi, Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium suis, Bifidobacterium magnum, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Bifidobacterium pullorum present in different micro-ecological environments (e.g. gastrointestinal tract) can be accomplished in a reliable, rapid and accurate manner, circumventing the recognised deficiencies of traditional identification techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: hydrazine ; methanol ; heavy water ; ammonia ; new far-infrared laser lines ; optically pumped far-infrared laser ; laser frequencies ; relative intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A far-infrared laser cavity designed to favor short-wavelength laser lines was used to generate optically-pumped far-infrared laser radiation. New far-infrared laser lines were discovered in hydrazine, heavy water, ammonia, and several short-wavelength lines previously discovered in methanol were observed. Wavelength, frequency, and relative intensity measurements were performed on laser lines in the wavelength range 42.4 to 253.7 μm. Each far-infrared frequency measurement was obtained by mixing the far-infrared radiation with radiation from two reference CO2 lasers and from a microwave synthesizer in a metal-insulator-metal diode. The pump laser was a high-Q Fabry Perot resonator oscillating on 275 grating-selected laser lines including regular, sequence, and hot band lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 21 (2000), S. 731-737 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: 12CD3OH ; 12CH3OD ; 12CH2DOH ; new far-infrared laser lines ; optically-pumped far-infrared laser ; laser frequencies ; relative intensity ; relative polarization ; pump-frequency offset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-seven new far-infrared laser lines from the isotopomers of methanol: 12CD3OH, 12CH3OD, and 12CH2DOH, were obtained by optically-pumping the molecules with an efficient cw CO2 laser. The CO2 laser provided pumping from regular, sequence, and hot-band CO2 laser transitions. The 2-m long far-infrared cavity was a metal-dielectric waveguide closed by two, flat end mirrors. Several short-wavelength (below 100 μm) lines were observed. The frequencies of 28 laser lines observed in this cavity (including new lines and already known lines) were measured with a fractional uncertainty limited by the fractional resetability of the far-infrared laser cavity, of 2 parts in 107.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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