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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wind tunnel flight responses by hymenopterous parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis to cotton cultivars and lines (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: parasitoid ; Campoletis sonorensis ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum ; habitat location ; flight ; wind tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) est attiré par diverses plantes et manifeste une forte attraction pour le coton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Le vol étant certainement le moyen utilisé lors de la détection d'habitats chez ce parasitoïde, un test biologique en tunnel de vol a été développé pour évaluer ces réponses de détection d'habitat chez des femelles deC. sonorensis en présence de coton. Des essais comparatifs ont montré l'existence de vols orientés vers le coton mais non vers des sources inertes, et, sur le coton, les vols ont été plus nombreux vers les plantes avec glandes que vers celles sans glande. Ces résultats sont apparus consistents sur trois paires de lignées avec et sans glandes. Le coton dépourvu de glande ne possède pas, ou seulement en faibles quantités, les terpènes volatils présent en quantités abondantes dans le coton avec glandes. Ce fait peut donc être reponsable des différences de comportement de vol observé envers les deux types de coton. Lors d'essais comparatifs, un nombre de parasitoïdes significativement supérieur a volé vers le cultivarG. hirsutum L. Tamcot CAMD-E par rapport aux espèces diploîdesG. arboreum etG. anomalum. Les cotons diploîdes manquent de certains terpènes volatils démontré attractifs pourC. sonorensis et ces différences peuvent expliquer les résultats observés. Des changements significatifs de réponse des parasitoïdes peuvent donc naître des variations de composition chimiques résultant de pression de sélection naturelles ou artificielles.
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis females to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) leaf odor sources was examined in a wind tunnel bioassay. Parasitoids exhibited oriented flights to cotton but not to inert sources, and flew in significantly greater proportion to glanded cotton when compared to glandless cotton in choice tests. A relative lack of volatile terpenes in glandless cotton may account for response differences. Significantly more parasitoids flew to theG. hirsutum cultivar Tamcot CAMD-E than to the diploid cottonsG. arboreum andG. anomalum in choice tests. Differences in volatile chemical composition of the diploid cottons may account for these results. The data are discussed with regard to host habitat location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629316
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative flight behavior of parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis croceipes (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis virescens ; Gossypium hirsutum ; wind tunnel ; bioassay ; Hymenoptera ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le comportement de vol de M. croceipes Cres. (Hym. Braconidae) et de C. sonorensis Cam. (Hym. Icheumonidae) a été étudié en olfactométrie dans un tunnel à vent. Les femelles des deux espèces, et non les mâles, ont un vol orienté par l'odeur des feuilles fraîches de coton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). La fréquence d'envol est liée aux changements de vitesse du vent, aux variations d'émissions, par le cotonnier, des substances volatiles, en fonction de la vitesse du vent, ou aux deux. La fréquence d'envol à vitesse de vent constante dépend de l'éclairage. La fréquence d'envol de C. sonorensis augmente avec des intensités lumineuses relativement fortes et diminue avec des intensités relativement faibles. L'inverse est observé avec M. croceipes. Le vent chargé d'odeurs de larves ou d'extréments d'Heliothis virescens F., attire M. croceipes et non C. sonorensis. Nous suggérons une éventuelle interaction des odeurs portées par le vent et provenant de l'habitat et de l'hôte.
    Notes: Abstract Flight behavior of parasitoids Microsplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Ichneumonidae) was examined in a wind tunnel. Both species exhibited odor directed, oriented flights to cotton, although flight frequency was related to variation in wind velocity or differential cotton volatile emission with changes in wind velocity, or both. Flight frequency at constant wind velocity was affected by illumination. Microplitis croceipes was attracted to the wind borne odor of Heliothis virescens (F.) frass and larvae, whereas C. sonorensis was not. Possible interaction of the wind borne odors from the habitat and host is suggested for parasitoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305644
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimuli influencing host microhabitat location in the parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Campoletis sonorensis ; parasitoid ; host microhabitat ; synomones ; wind tunnel ; experience
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host microhabitat location behavior of females of the generalist parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was studied in a wind tunnel. Visual cues associated with the host plant cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., were important and significantly more parasitoids completed flights to a damaged 4-leaf cotton plant bearing a Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larva and frass than to a similarly damaged single leaf with frass and a larva. This difference in completed flights was not due to differences in amounts of volatiles released by the two stimuli. Both naive and experienced parasitoids responded differently to an undamaged cotton leaf, a mechanially damaged leaf, a naturally damaged leaf with the host removed and a naturally damaged leaf with a host larva. Parasitoids completed significantly fewer flights to the undamaged sources of volatiles than to damaged sources of volatiles. Experienced females responded strongly to all types of damage. The number of flights completed by naive females to the three types of damage differed but not significantly and was less than the number completed by experienced females. Components of the preflight experience were varied to determine which factors were responsible for the higher response of experienced females to the host/plant complex. Oviposition was the most important component of this experience. Contact with host frass or plant damage followed by oviposition did not increase the response over that exhibited by females allowed oviposition only. When frass or damaged plant material were contacted without subsequent oviposition, females completed fewer flights than naive females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366141
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