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  • water quality  (4)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Benthos ; index ; invertebrates ; rivers ; Switzerland ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Water quality was estimated from 205 samples of benthic invertebrates collected between 1982 and 1986 in 51 rivers of western Switzerland (canton of Vaud). Each sample consisted of the combined list of taxa resulting from one spring sample pooled with one summer sample. Water quality was indicated by total number of taxa and number of taxa intolerant of pollution: i. e. Heptageniidae, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera with a case. Six classes of values were delimited for each of these two variables by cluster analysis. Values from zero to five were attributed to each class. The index of water quality was computed by adding these two values in each sample. According to this index, good water quality was indicated by 42% of samples. This index can be adapted to other rivers because its components are easily modified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: benthos ; biodiversity ; biomonitoring ; empirical relationships ; rivers ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationships between the diversity of invertebrate communities and the altitude of sampling sites were analysed in 438 benthic samples, collected between 1982 and 1991, in 56 rivers of western Switzerland. Diversity, estimated from total number of taxa (genus or family) and from number of taxa intolerant of pollution, was positively correlated with increasing altitude. In contrast, density of human population and the level of organic pollution were negatively correlated with increasing altitude. Therefore, the upstream increase of invertebrate diversity was attributed to the decrease of human population which is the main source of organic pollution. In this study, altitude was used, instead of organic pollution, to predict diversity. Empirical relationships between diversity and altitude were applied to surveys of water quality to describe the general altitudinal pattern characteristic for each region and to single out anomalous sites and rivers. In addition, changes in the altitudinal patterns of diversity can be used to monitor the recovery of rivers from pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 57 (1995), S. 172-180 
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Benthos ; environmental quality ; index ; invertebrates ; river ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 1424 samples of benthic invertebrates, collected in 56 rivers of western Switzerland (canton of Vaud), was used to improve the RIVAUD (Rivers of Vaud) index of environmental quality. This index, described for the first time in 1989, was based on total number of taxa and on number of taxa intolerant of pollution (Plecoptera, Heptageniidae, and Trichoptera with a case). The 1995 version of RIVAUD, called RIVAUD 95, presented a larger range of values (0–20) than the previous one (0–10), to describe more precisely the variations of environmental quality. According to RIVAUD 95, the environmental quality of Swiss rivers increased with the altitude of sampling sites because anthropogenic impacts decreased along the same gradient. This altitudinal pattern was used to define classes of environmental quality which can be adapted to the rivers of other regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Large benthic foraminifera are major carbonate components in tropical carbonate platforms, important carbonate producers, stratigraphic tools and powerful bioindicators (proxies) of environmental change. The application of large benthic foraminifera in tropical coral reef environments has gained considerable momentum in recent years. These modern ecological assessments are often carried out by micropalaeontologists or ecologists with expertise in the identification of foraminifera. However, large benthic foraminifera have been under‐represented in favour of macro reef‐builders, for example, corals and calcareous algae. Large benthic foraminifera contribute about 5% to modern reef‐scale carbonate sediment production. Their substantial size and abundance are reflected by their symbiotic association with the living algae inside their tests. When the foraminiferal holobiont (the combination between the large benthic foraminifera host and the microalgal photosymbiont) dies, the remaining calcareous test renourishes sediment supply, which maintains and stabilizes shorelines and low‐lying islands. Geological records reveal episodes (i.e. late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs) of prolific carbonate production in warmer oceans than today, and in the absence of corals. This begs for deeper consideration of how large benthic foraminifera will respond under future climatic scenarios of higher atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) and to warmer oceans. In addition, studies highlighting the complex evolutionary associations between large benthic foraminifera hosts and their algal photosymbionts, as well as to associated habitats, suggest the potential for increased tolerance to a wide range of conditions. However, the full range of environments where large benthic foraminifera currently dwell is not well‐understood in terms of present and future carbonate production, and impact of stressors. The evidence for acclimatization, at least by a few species of well‐studied large benthic foraminifera, under intensifying climate change and within degrading reef ecosystems, is a prelude to future host–symbiont resilience under different climatic regimes and habitats than today. This review also highlights knowledge gaps in current understanding of large benthic foraminifera as prolific calcium carbonate producers across shallow carbonate shelf and slope environments under changing ocean conditions.
    Description: Minerva Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001658
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 561 ; Bioindicators ; carbonate engineers ; climate change ; environmental stressors ; ocean acidification ; photosymbionts ; sea‐level rise ; water quality
    Type: article
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