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  • 1
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    Source process of the September 12, 2007 MW 8.4 Southern Sumatra earthquake from tsunami tide gauge record inversion (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We infer the slip distribution and average rupture velocity of the magnitude MW 8.4 September 12, 2007, Southern Sumatra earthquake from available tide-gauge records of the ensuing tsunami. We select 9 waveforms recorded along the west coast of Sumatra and in the Indian Ocean. We assume the fault plane and the slip direction to be consistent with both the geometry of the subducting plate and the early focal mechanism solutions. Slip distribution and rupture velocity are determined simultaneously by means of a non linear inversion method. We find high slip values (∼10 m) into a patch 100 km long and 50 km large, between 20 and 30 km of depth, about 100 km north-west from the epicenter. Our estimate of rupture velocity is of 2.1±0.4 km/sec. The relatively large depth of the main slip patch is the likely explanation for the small observed tsunami.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: source process ; Sumatra ; tsunami ; inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 2
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    Rupture Process of the April 18, 1906 California Earthquake from near-field Tsunami Waveform Inversion (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The April 18, 1906 M8 California earthquake generated a small local tsunami that was recorded in the near-field by the Presidio, San Francisco tide-gage, located near the Golden Gate. We investigate the causative, tsunamigenic seismic source by forward modeling and nonlinear inversion of the Presidio marigram. We use existing seismological and geological observations to fix the fault system geometry and the surface slip on the onland portions of the San Andreas fault (SAF). We perform synthetic inversions to show that the single, near-field marigram constrains the main features of the rupture on the portion of the SAF system offshore of the Golden Gate. Finally we perform nonlinear inversions for the slip distribution and the timing of the rupture of the 1906 earthquake. Our results, in agreement with previous studies, identify a dilatational step-over and show a bi-lateral rupture, possibly originating or propagated through the step-over region. We find that little or no co-seismic slip on normal faults in the step-over region is required to fit the marigram, and we obtain adequate fits when allowing delays in the source initiation times of up to 3 minutes on the various fault segments. We constrain slip to be of about 5-6 meters for the onshore portion of the SAF to the northwest of the Golden Gate, in agreement with 1906 surface observations of fault offset. Our results favour the hypothesis of a vertical dip for a currently aseismic SAF to the southeast of the Golden Gate, under the San Francisco Peninsula.
    Description: Published
    Description: 832-845
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: rupture process ; tsunami ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Slip Distribution of the 2003 Tokachi-oki Mw 8.1 earthquake from joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and geodetic data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We study the 2003 Mw 8.1 Tokachi‐oki earthquake, a great interplate event that occurred along the southwestern Kuril Trench and generated a significant tsunami. To determine the earthquake slip distribution, we perform the first joint inversion of tsunami waveforms measured by tide gauges and of coseismic displacement measured both by GPS stations and three ocean bottom pressure gauges (PG) for this event. The resolution of the different data sets on the slip distribution is assessed by means of several checkerboard tests. Results show that tsunami data constrain the slip distribution offshore, whereas GPS data constrain the slip distribution in the onshore zone. The three PG data only coarsely constrain the offshore slip, indicating that denser networks should be installed close to subduction zones. Combining the three data sets significantly improves the inversion results. Joint inversion of the 2003 Tokachi‐oki earthquake data leads to maximum slip values (∼6 m) confined at depths greater than ∼25 km, between 30 and 80 km northwest of the hypocenter, with a patch of slip (3 m) in the deepest part of the source (∼50 km depth). Slip values are very low (≤1 m) updip from the hypocenter. Furthermore, the rupture does not extend on the plate interface off Akkeshi. As a significant back slip amount (∼4 m) has accumulated there since the last 1952 earthquake, this segment could rupture during the next large interplate event along the Kuril Trench.
    Description: Published
    Description: B11313
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: tsunami ; coseismic displacement ; joint inversion ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Rupture Process of the April 18, 1906 California Earthquake from near-field Tsunami Waveform Inversion (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The April 18, 1906 M8 California earthquake generated a small local tsunami that was recorded in the near-field by the Presidio, San Francisco tide-gage, located near the Golden Gate. We investigate the causative, tsunamigenic seismic source by forward modeling and nonlinear inversion of the Presidio marigram. We use existing seismological and geological observations to fix the fault system geometry and the surface slip on the onland portions of the San Andreas fault (SAF). We perform synthetic inversions to show that the single, near-field marigram constrains the main features of the rupture on the portion of the SAF system offshore of the Golden Gate. Finally we perform nonlinear inversions for the slip distribution and the timing of the rupture of the 1906 earthquake. Our results, in agreement with previous studies, identify a dilatational step-over and show a bi-lateral rupture, possibly originating or propagated through the step-over region. We find that little or no co-seismic slip on normal faults in the step-over region is required to fit the marigram, and we obtain adequate fits when allowing delays in the source initiation times of up to 3 minutes on the various fault segments. We constrain slip to be of about 5-6 meters for the onshore portion of the SAF to the northwest of the Golden Gate, in agreement with 1906 surface observations of fault offset. Our results favour the hypothesis of a vertical dip for a currently aseismic SAF to the southeast of the Golden Gate, under the San Francisco Peninsula.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake source ; tsunami ; san Francisco 1906 ; inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 5
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    Source process of the September 12, 2007 MW 8.4 Southern Sumatra earthquake from tsunami tide gauge record inversion (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We infer the slip distribution and average rupture velocity of the magnitude MW 8.4 September 12, 2007, southern Sumatra earthquake from available tide-gauge records of the ensuing tsunami. We select 9 waveforms recorded along the west coast of Sumatra and in the Indian Ocean. Slip distribution and rupture velocity are determined simultaneously by means of a non linear inversion method. We find high slip values (∼10 m) into a patch 100 km long and 50 km large, between 20 and 30 km of depth, about 100 km north-west from the epicenter. We conclude this earthquake did not rupture the whole area of the 1833 event, indicating some slip has still to occurr. Our estimate of rupture velocity is of 2.1±0.4 km/sec. The relatively large depth of the main slip patch is the likely explanation for the low damaging observed tsunami.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02310
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Sumatra ; tsunami ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Rupture Process of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake from Tsunami Waveform Inversion (2007)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The aim of this work is to infer the slip distribution and rupture velocity along the rupture zone of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from available tide gage records of the tsunami. We selected waveforms from 14 stations, distributed along the coast of the Indian Ocean. Then we subdivided the fault plane into 16 subfaults (both along strike and downdip) following the geometry and mechanism proposed by Banerjee et al. (2005) and computed the corresponding Green’s functions by numerical solution of the shallow-water equations through a finitedifference method. The slip distribution and rupture velocity were determined simultaneously by means of a simulated annealing technique. We compared the recorded and synthetic waveforms in the time domain, using a cost function that is a trade-off between the L1 and L2 norms. Preliminary tests on a synthetic dataset, together with a posteriori statistical analysis of the model ensemble enabled us to assess the effectiveness of the method and to quantify the model uncertainty. The main finding is that the best source model features a nonuniform distribution of coseismic slip, with high slip values concentrated into three main patches: the first is located in the southern part of the fault, off the coast of the Aceh Province; the second between 6.5 N and 11 N; and the third at depth, between 11 N and 14 N. Furthermore, we estimated that the rupture propagated at an average speed of 2.0 km/sec.
    Description: Published
    Description: S223-S231
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Sumatra ; earthquake ; inversion ; tsunami ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Earthquake-generated tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea: scenarios of potential threats to Southern Italy (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We calculated the impact on Southern Italy of a large set of tsunamis resulting from earthquakes generated by major fault zones of the Mediterranean Sea. Our approach merges updated knowledge on the regional tectonic setting and scenario-like calculations of expected tsunami impact. We selected three potential source zones located at short, intermediate and large distance from our target coastlines: the Southern Tyrrhenian thrust belt; the Tell-Atlas thrust belt; and the western Hellenic Arc. For each zone we determined a Maximum Credible Earthquake and described the geometry, kinematics and size of its associated Typical Fault. We then let the Typical Fault float along strike of its parent source zone and simulated all tsunamis it could trigger. Simulations are based on the solution of the nonlinear shallow water equations through a finite-difference technique. For each run we calculated the wave fields at desired simulation times and the maximum water elevation field, then produced travel-time maps and maximum wave-height profiles along the target coastlines. The results show a highly variable impact for tsunamis generated by the different source zones. For example, a large Hellenic Arc earthquake will produce a much higher tsunami wave (up to 5 m) than those of the other two source zones (up to 1.5 m). This implies that tsunami scenarios for Mediterranean Sea countries must necessarily be computed at the scale of the entire basin. Our work represents a pilot study for constructing a basin-wide tsunami scenario database to be used for tsunami hazard assessment and early warning.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: tsunami ; scenario ; active tectonic ; floating source ; hazard assessment ; Mediterranean Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 8
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    Structural control on the Tohoku earthquake rupture process investigated by 3D FEM, tsunami and geodetic data (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Mw = 9.1) highlighted previously unobserved features for megathrust events, such as the large slip in a relatively limited area and the shallow rupture propagation. We use a Finite Element Model (FEM), taking into account the 3D geometrical and structural complexities up to the trench zone, and perform a joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data to retrieve the earthquake slip distribution. We obtain a close spatial correlation between the main deep slip patch and the local seismic velocity anomalies, and large shallow slip extending also to the North coherently with a seismically observed low-frequency radiation. These observations suggest that the friction controlled the rupture, initially confining the deeper rupture and then driving its propagation up to the trench, where it spreads laterally. These findings are relevant to earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment because they may help to detect regions likely prone to rupture along the megathrust, and to constrain the probability of high slip near the trench. Our estimate of ~40 m slip value around the JFAST (Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project) drilling zone contributes to constrain the dynamic shear stress and friction coefficient of the fault obtained by temperature measurements to ~0.68 MPa and ~0.10, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5631
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: tsunami ; FEM ; earthquake rupture ; megathurst ; seismic slip ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Integrating geologic fault data into tsunami hazard studies (2013)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the realization of a fault-source data set designed to become the starting point in regional-scale tsunami hazard studies. Our approach focuses on the parametric fault characterization in terms of geometry, kinematics, and assessment of activity rates, and includes a systematic classification in six justification levels of epistemic uncertainty related with the existence and behaviour of fault sources. We set up a case study in the central Mediterranean Sea, an area at the intersection of the European, African, and Aegean plates, characterized by a complex and debated tectonic structure and where several tsunamis occurred in the past. Using tsunami scenarios of maximum wave height due to crustal earthquakes (Mw=7) and subduction earthquakes (Mw=7 and Mw=8), we illustrate first-order consequences of critical choices in addressing the seismogenic and tsunamigenic potentials of fault sources. Although tsunamis generated by Mw=8 earthquakes predictably affect the entire basin, the impact of tsunamis generated by Mw=7 earthquakes on either crustal or subduction fault sources can still be strong at many locales. Such scenarios show how the relative location/orientation of faults with respect to target coastlines coupled with bathymetric features suggest avoiding the preselection of fault sources without addressing their possible impact onto hazard analysis results.
    Description: This work was supported by the EC-Research Framework programme FP7, Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe, Grant Agreement No. 226769 and the Flagship Project RITMARE – The Italian Research for the Sea – coordinated by the Italian National Research Council and funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research within the National Research Program 2011–2013.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1025-1050
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: active fault ; tsunami ; tsunamigenic source ; earthquake ; PTHA ; hazard ; epistemic uncertainty ; tectonic moment rate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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